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Unified Diff: mobile/android/thirdparty/org/apache/commons/validator/routines/DomainValidator.java

Issue 29543774: Issue 2801 - Create 'Whitelisted websites' screen and add link to 'Ad blocking' screen (Closed)
Patch Set: Created Sept. 13, 2017, 5:01 p.m.
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Index: mobile/android/thirdparty/org/apache/commons/validator/routines/DomainValidator.java
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+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.commons.validator.routines;
+
+import java.io.Serializable;
+import java.net.IDN;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Locale;
+
+/**
+ * <p><b>Domain name</b> validation routines.</p>
+ *
+ * <p>
+ * This validator provides methods for validating Internet domain names
+ * and top-level domains.
+ * </p>
+ *
+ * <p>Domain names are evaluated according
+ * to the standards <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1034.txt">RFC1034</a>,
+ * section 3, and <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1123.txt">RFC1123</a>,
+ * section 2.1. No accommodation is provided for the specialized needs of
+ * other applications; if the domain name has been URL-encoded, for example,
+ * validation will fail even though the equivalent plaintext version of the
+ * same name would have passed.
+ * </p>
+ *
+ * <p>
+ * Validation is also provided for top-level domains (TLDs) as defined and
+ * maintained by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA):
+ * </p>
+ *
+ * <ul>
+ * <li>{@link #isValidInfrastructureTld} - validates infrastructure TLDs
+ * (<code>.arpa</code>, etc.)</li>
+ * <li>{@link #isValidGenericTld} - validates generic TLDs
+ * (<code>.com, .org</code>, etc.)</li>
+ * <li>{@link #isValidCountryCodeTld} - validates country code TLDs
+ * (<code>.us, .uk, .cn</code>, etc.)</li>
+ * </ul>
+ *
+ * <p>
+ * (<b>NOTE</b>: This class does not provide IP address lookup for domain names or
+ * methods to ensure that a given domain name matches a specific IP; see
+ * {@link java.net.InetAddress} for that functionality.)
+ * </p>
+ *
+ * @version $Revision$
+ * @since Validator 1.4
+ */
+public class DomainValidator implements Serializable {
+
+ private static final int MAX_DOMAIN_LENGTH = 253;
+
+ private static final String[] EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY = new String[0];
+
+ private static final long serialVersionUID = -4407125112880174009L;
+
+ // Regular expression strings for hostnames (derived from RFC2396 and RFC 1123)
+
+ // RFC2396: domainlabel = alphanum | alphanum *( alphanum | "-" ) alphanum
+ // Max 63 characters
+ private static final String DOMAIN_LABEL_REGEX = "\\p{Alnum}(?>[\\p{Alnum}-]{0,61}\\p{Alnum})?";
+
+ // RFC2396 toplabel = alpha | alpha *( alphanum | "-" ) alphanum
+ // Max 63 characters
+ private static final String TOP_LABEL_REGEX = "\\p{Alpha}(?>[\\p{Alnum}-]{0,61}\\p{Alnum})?";
+
+ // RFC2396 hostname = *( domainlabel "." ) toplabel [ "." ]
+ // Note that the regex currently requires both a domain label and a top level label, whereas
+ // the RFC does not. This is because the regex is used to detect if a TLD is present.
+ // If the match fails, input is checked against DOMAIN_LABEL_REGEX (hostnameRegex)
+ // RFC1123 sec 2.1 allows hostnames to start with a digit
+ private static final String DOMAIN_NAME_REGEX =
+ "^(?:" + DOMAIN_LABEL_REGEX + "\\.)+" + "(" + TOP_LABEL_REGEX + ")\\.?$";
+
+ private final boolean allowLocal;
+
+ /**
+ * Singleton instance of this validator, which
+ * doesn't consider local addresses as valid.
+ */
+ private static final DomainValidator DOMAIN_VALIDATOR = new DomainValidator(false);
+
+ /**
+ * Singleton instance of this validator, which does
+ * consider local addresses valid.
+ */
+ private static final DomainValidator DOMAIN_VALIDATOR_WITH_LOCAL = new DomainValidator(true);
+
+ /**
+ * RegexValidator for matching domains.
+ */
+ private final RegexValidator domainRegex =
+ new RegexValidator(DOMAIN_NAME_REGEX);
+ /**
+ * RegexValidator for matching a local hostname
+ */
+ // RFC1123 sec 2.1 allows hostnames to start with a digit
+ private final RegexValidator hostnameRegex =
+ new RegexValidator(DOMAIN_LABEL_REGEX);
+
+ /**
+ * Returns the singleton instance of this validator. It
+ * will not consider local addresses as valid.
+ * @return the singleton instance of this validator
+ */
+ public static synchronized DomainValidator getInstance() {
+ inUse = true;
+ return DOMAIN_VALIDATOR;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Returns the singleton instance of this validator,
+ * with local validation as required.
+ * @param allowLocal Should local addresses be considered valid?
+ * @return the singleton instance of this validator
+ */
+ public static synchronized DomainValidator getInstance(boolean allowLocal) {
+ inUse = true;
+ if(allowLocal) {
+ return DOMAIN_VALIDATOR_WITH_LOCAL;
+ }
+ return DOMAIN_VALIDATOR;
+ }
+
+ /** Private constructor. */
+ private DomainValidator(boolean allowLocal) {
+ this.allowLocal = allowLocal;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Returns true if the specified <code>String</code> parses
+ * as a valid domain name with a recognized top-level domain.
+ * The parsing is case-insensitive.
+ * @param domain the parameter to check for domain name syntax
+ * @return true if the parameter is a valid domain name
+ */
+ public boolean isValid(String domain) {
+ if (domain == null) {
+ return false;
+ }
+ domain = unicodeToASCII(domain);
+ // hosts must be equally reachable via punycode and Unicode;
+ // Unicode is never shorter than punycode, so check punycode
+ // if domain did not convert, then it will be caught by ASCII
+ // checks in the regexes below
+ if (domain.length() > MAX_DOMAIN_LENGTH) {
+ return false;
+ }
+ String[] groups = domainRegex.match(domain);
+ if (groups != null && groups.length > 0) {
+ return isValidTld(groups[0]);
+ }
+ return allowLocal && hostnameRegex.isValid(domain);
+ }
+
+ // package protected for unit test access
+ // must agree with isValid() above
+ final boolean isValidDomainSyntax(String domain) {
+ if (domain == null) {
+ return false;
+ }
+ domain = unicodeToASCII(domain);
+ // hosts must be equally reachable via punycode and Unicode;
+ // Unicode is never shorter than punycode, so check punycode
+ // if domain did not convert, then it will be caught by ASCII
+ // checks in the regexes below
+ if (domain.length() > MAX_DOMAIN_LENGTH) {
+ return false;
+ }
+ String[] groups = domainRegex.match(domain);
+ return (groups != null && groups.length > 0)
+ || hostnameRegex.isValid(domain);
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Returns true if the specified <code>String</code> matches any
+ * IANA-defined top-level domain. Leading dots are ignored if present.
+ * The search is case-insensitive.
+ * @param tld the parameter to check for TLD status, not null
+ * @return true if the parameter is a TLD
+ */
+ public boolean isValidTld(String tld) {
+ tld = unicodeToASCII(tld);
+ if(allowLocal && isValidLocalTld(tld)) {
+ return true;
+ }
+ return isValidInfrastructureTld(tld)
+ || isValidGenericTld(tld)
+ || isValidCountryCodeTld(tld);
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Returns true if the specified <code>String</code> matches any
+ * IANA-defined infrastructure top-level domain. Leading dots are
+ * ignored if present. The search is case-insensitive.
+ * @param iTld the parameter to check for infrastructure TLD status, not null
+ * @return true if the parameter is an infrastructure TLD
+ */
+ public boolean isValidInfrastructureTld(String iTld) {
+ final String key = chompLeadingDot(unicodeToASCII(iTld).toLowerCase(Locale.ENGLISH));
+ return arrayContains(INFRASTRUCTURE_TLDS, key);
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Returns true if the specified <code>String</code> matches any
+ * IANA-defined generic top-level domain. Leading dots are ignored
+ * if present. The search is case-insensitive.
+ * @param gTld the parameter to check for generic TLD status, not null
+ * @return true if the parameter is a generic TLD
+ */
+ public boolean isValidGenericTld(String gTld) {
+ final String key = chompLeadingDot(unicodeToASCII(gTld).toLowerCase(Locale.ENGLISH));
+ return (arrayContains(GENERIC_TLDS, key) || arrayContains(genericTLDsPlus, key))
+ && !arrayContains(genericTLDsMinus, key);
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Returns true if the specified <code>String</code> matches any
+ * IANA-defined country code top-level domain. Leading dots are
+ * ignored if present. The search is case-insensitive.
+ * @param ccTld the parameter to check for country code TLD status, not null
+ * @return true if the parameter is a country code TLD
+ */
+ public boolean isValidCountryCodeTld(String ccTld) {
+ final String key = chompLeadingDot(unicodeToASCII(ccTld).toLowerCase(Locale.ENGLISH));
+ return (arrayContains(COUNTRY_CODE_TLDS, key) || arrayContains(countryCodeTLDsPlus, key))
+ && !arrayContains(countryCodeTLDsMinus, key);
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Returns true if the specified <code>String</code> matches any
+ * widely used "local" domains (localhost or localdomain). Leading dots are
+ * ignored if present. The search is case-insensitive.
+ * @param lTld the parameter to check for local TLD status, not null
+ * @return true if the parameter is an local TLD
+ */
+ public boolean isValidLocalTld(String lTld) {
+ final String key = chompLeadingDot(unicodeToASCII(lTld).toLowerCase(Locale.ENGLISH));
+ return arrayContains(LOCAL_TLDS, key);
+ }
+
+ private String chompLeadingDot(String str) {
+ if (str.startsWith(".")) {
+ return str.substring(1);
+ }
+ return str;
+ }
+
+ // ---------------------------------------------
+ // ----- TLDs defined by IANA
+ // ----- Authoritative and comprehensive list at:
+ // ----- http://data.iana.org/TLD/tlds-alpha-by-domain.txt
+
+ // Note that the above list is in UPPER case.
+ // The code currently converts strings to lower case (as per the tables below)
+
+ // IANA also provide an HTML list at http://www.iana.org/domains/root/db
+ // Note that this contains several country code entries which are NOT in
+ // the text file. These all have the "Not assigned" in the "Sponsoring Organisation" column
+ // For example (as of 2015-01-02):
+ // .bl country-code Not assigned
+ // .um country-code Not assigned
+
+ // WARNING: this array MUST be sorted, otherwise it cannot be searched reliably using binary search
+ private static final String[] INFRASTRUCTURE_TLDS = new String[] {
+ "arpa", // internet infrastructure
+ };
+
+ // WARNING: this array MUST be sorted, otherwise it cannot be searched reliably using binary search
+ private static final String[] GENERIC_TLDS = new String[] {
+ // Taken from Version 2017020400, Last Updated Sat Feb 4 07:07:01 2017 UTC
+ "aaa", // aaa American Automobile Association, Inc.
+ "aarp", // aarp AARP
+ "abarth", // abarth Fiat Chrysler Automobiles N.V.
+ "abb", // abb ABB Ltd
+ "abbott", // abbott Abbott Laboratories, Inc.
+ "abbvie", // abbvie AbbVie Inc.
+ "abc", // abc Disney Enterprises, Inc.
+ "able", // able Able Inc.
+ "abogado", // abogado Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
+ "abudhabi", // abudhabi Abu Dhabi Systems and Information Centre
+ "academy", // academy Half Oaks, LLC
+ "accenture", // accenture Accenture plc
+ "accountant", // accountant dot Accountant Limited
+ "accountants", // accountants Knob Town, LLC
+ "aco", // aco ACO Severin Ahlmann GmbH &amp; Co. KG
+ "active", // active The Active Network, Inc
+ "actor", // actor United TLD Holdco Ltd.
+ "adac", // adac Allgemeiner Deutscher Automobil-Club e.V. (ADAC)
+ "ads", // ads Charleston Road Registry Inc.
+ "adult", // adult ICM Registry AD LLC
+ "aeg", // aeg Aktiebolaget Electrolux
+ "aero", // aero Societe Internationale de Telecommunications Aeronautique (SITA INC USA)
+ "aetna", // aetna Aetna Life Insurance Company
+ "afamilycompany", // afamilycompany Johnson Shareholdings, Inc.
+ "afl", // afl Australian Football League
+ "agakhan", // agakhan Fondation Aga Khan (Aga Khan Foundation)
+ "agency", // agency Steel Falls, LLC
+ "aig", // aig American International Group, Inc.
+ "aigo", // aigo aigo Digital Technology Co,Ltd.
+ "airbus", // airbus Airbus S.A.S.
+ "airforce", // airforce United TLD Holdco Ltd.
+ "airtel", // airtel Bharti Airtel Limited
+ "akdn", // akdn Fondation Aga Khan (Aga Khan Foundation)
+ "alfaromeo", // alfaromeo Fiat Chrysler Automobiles N.V.
+ "alibaba", // alibaba Alibaba Group Holding Limited
+ "alipay", // alipay Alibaba Group Holding Limited
+ "allfinanz", // allfinanz Allfinanz Deutsche Vermögensberatung Aktiengesellschaft
+ "allstate", // allstate Allstate Fire and Casualty Insurance Company
+ "ally", // ally Ally Financial Inc.
+ "alsace", // alsace REGION D ALSACE
+ "alstom", // alstom ALSTOM
+ "americanexpress", // americanexpress American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc.
+ "americanfamily", // americanfamily AmFam, Inc.
+ "amex", // amex American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc.
+ "amfam", // amfam AmFam, Inc.
+ "amica", // amica Amica Mutual Insurance Company
+ "amsterdam", // amsterdam Gemeente Amsterdam
+ "analytics", // analytics Campus IP LLC
+ "android", // android Charleston Road Registry Inc.
+ "anquan", // anquan QIHOO 360 TECHNOLOGY CO. LTD.
+ "anz", // anz Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Limited
+ "aol", // aol AOL Inc.
+ "apartments", // apartments June Maple, LLC
+ "app", // app Charleston Road Registry Inc.
+ "apple", // apple Apple Inc.
+ "aquarelle", // aquarelle Aquarelle.com
+ "aramco", // aramco Aramco Services Company
+ "archi", // archi STARTING DOT LIMITED
+ "army", // army United TLD Holdco Ltd.
+ "art", // art UK Creative Ideas Limited
+ "arte", // arte Association Relative à la Télévision Européenne G.E.I.E.
+ "asda", // asda Wal-Mart Stores, Inc.
+ "asia", // asia DotAsia Organisation Ltd.
+ "associates", // associates Baxter Hill, LLC
+ "athleta", // athleta The Gap, Inc.
+ "attorney", // attorney United TLD Holdco, Ltd
+ "auction", // auction United TLD HoldCo, Ltd.
+ "audi", // audi AUDI Aktiengesellschaft
+ "audible", // audible Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
+ "audio", // audio Uniregistry, Corp.
+ "auspost", // auspost Australian Postal Corporation
+ "author", // author Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
+ "auto", // auto Uniregistry, Corp.
+ "autos", // autos DERAutos, LLC
+ "avianca", // avianca Aerovias del Continente Americano S.A. Avianca
+ "aws", // aws Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
+ "axa", // axa AXA SA
+ "azure", // azure Microsoft Corporation
+ "baby", // baby Johnson &amp; Johnson Services, Inc.
+ "baidu", // baidu Baidu, Inc.
+ "banamex", // banamex Citigroup Inc.
+ "bananarepublic", // bananarepublic The Gap, Inc.
+ "band", // band United TLD Holdco, Ltd
+ "bank", // bank fTLD Registry Services, LLC
+ "bar", // bar Punto 2012 Sociedad Anonima Promotora de Inversion de Capital Variable
+ "barcelona", // barcelona Municipi de Barcelona
+ "barclaycard", // barclaycard Barclays Bank PLC
+ "barclays", // barclays Barclays Bank PLC
+ "barefoot", // barefoot Gallo Vineyards, Inc.
+ "bargains", // bargains Half Hallow, LLC
+ "baseball", // baseball MLB Advanced Media DH, LLC
+ "basketball", // basketball Fédération Internationale de Basketball (FIBA)
+ "bauhaus", // bauhaus Werkhaus GmbH
+ "bayern", // bayern Bayern Connect GmbH
+ "bbc", // bbc British Broadcasting Corporation
+ "bbt", // bbt BB&amp;T Corporation
+ "bbva", // bbva BANCO BILBAO VIZCAYA ARGENTARIA, S.A.
+ "bcg", // bcg The Boston Consulting Group, Inc.
+ "bcn", // bcn Municipi de Barcelona
+ "beats", // beats Beats Electronics, LLC
+ "beauty", // beauty L&#39;Oréal
+ "beer", // beer Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
+ "bentley", // bentley Bentley Motors Limited
+ "berlin", // berlin dotBERLIN GmbH &amp; Co. KG
+ "best", // best BestTLD Pty Ltd
+ "bestbuy", // bestbuy BBY Solutions, Inc.
+ "bet", // bet Afilias plc
+ "bharti", // bharti Bharti Enterprises (Holding) Private Limited
+ "bible", // bible American Bible Society
+ "bid", // bid dot Bid Limited
+ "bike", // bike Grand Hollow, LLC
+ "bing", // bing Microsoft Corporation
+ "bingo", // bingo Sand Cedar, LLC
+ "bio", // bio STARTING DOT LIMITED
+ "biz", // biz Neustar, Inc.
+ "black", // black Afilias Limited
+ "blackfriday", // blackfriday Uniregistry, Corp.
+ "blanco", // blanco BLANCO GmbH + Co KG
+ "blockbuster", // blockbuster Dish DBS Corporation
+ "blog", // blog Knock Knock WHOIS There, LLC
+ "bloomberg", // bloomberg Bloomberg IP Holdings LLC
+ "blue", // blue Afilias Limited
+ "bms", // bms Bristol-Myers Squibb Company
+ "bmw", // bmw Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft
+ "bnl", // bnl Banca Nazionale del Lavoro
+ "bnpparibas", // bnpparibas BNP Paribas
+ "boats", // boats DERBoats, LLC
+ "boehringer", // boehringer Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH
+ "bofa", // bofa NMS Services, Inc.
+ "bom", // bom Núcleo de Informação e Coordenação do Ponto BR - NIC.br
+ "bond", // bond Bond University Limited
+ "boo", // boo Charleston Road Registry Inc.
+ "book", // book Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
+ "booking", // booking Booking.com B.V.
+ "boots", // boots THE BOOTS COMPANY PLC
+ "bosch", // bosch Robert Bosch GMBH
+ "bostik", // bostik Bostik SA
+ "boston", // boston Boston TLD Management, LLC
+ "bot", // bot Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
+ "boutique", // boutique Over Galley, LLC
+ "box", // box NS1 Limited
+ "bradesco", // bradesco Banco Bradesco S.A.
+ "bridgestone", // bridgestone Bridgestone Corporation
+ "broadway", // broadway Celebrate Broadway, Inc.
+ "broker", // broker DOTBROKER REGISTRY LTD
+ "brother", // brother Brother Industries, Ltd.
+ "brussels", // brussels DNS.be vzw
+ "budapest", // budapest Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
+ "bugatti", // bugatti Bugatti International SA
+ "build", // build Plan Bee LLC
+ "builders", // builders Atomic Madison, LLC
+ "business", // business Spring Cross, LLC
+ "buy", // buy Amazon Registry Services, INC
+ "buzz", // buzz DOTSTRATEGY CO.
+ "bzh", // bzh Association www.bzh
+ "cab", // cab Half Sunset, LLC
+ "cafe", // cafe Pioneer Canyon, LLC
+ "cal", // cal Charleston Road Registry Inc.
+ "call", // call Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
+ "calvinklein", // calvinklein PVH gTLD Holdings LLC
+ "cam", // cam AC Webconnecting Holding B.V.
+ "camera", // camera Atomic Maple, LLC
+ "camp", // camp Delta Dynamite, LLC
+ "cancerresearch", // cancerresearch Australian Cancer Research Foundation
+ "canon", // canon Canon Inc.
+ "capetown", // capetown ZA Central Registry NPC trading as ZA Central Registry
+ "capital", // capital Delta Mill, LLC
+ "capitalone", // capitalone Capital One Financial Corporation
+ "car", // car Cars Registry Limited
+ "caravan", // caravan Caravan International, Inc.
+ "cards", // cards Foggy Hollow, LLC
+ "care", // care Goose Cross, LLC
+ "career", // career dotCareer LLC
+ "careers", // careers Wild Corner, LLC
+ "cars", // cars Uniregistry, Corp.
+ "cartier", // cartier Richemont DNS Inc.
+ "casa", // casa Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
+ "case", // case CNH Industrial N.V.
+ "caseih", // caseih CNH Industrial N.V.
+ "cash", // cash Delta Lake, LLC
+ "casino", // casino Binky Sky, LLC
+ "cat", // cat Fundacio puntCAT
+ "catering", // catering New Falls. LLC
+ "catholic", // catholic Pontificium Consilium de Comunicationibus Socialibus (PCCS) (Pontifical Council for Social Communication)
+ "cba", // cba COMMONWEALTH BANK OF AUSTRALIA
+ "cbn", // cbn The Christian Broadcasting Network, Inc.
+ "cbre", // cbre CBRE, Inc.
+ "cbs", // cbs CBS Domains Inc.
+ "ceb", // ceb The Corporate Executive Board Company
+ "center", // center Tin Mill, LLC
+ "ceo", // ceo CEOTLD Pty Ltd
+ "cern", // cern European Organization for Nuclear Research (&quot;CERN&quot;)
+ "cfa", // cfa CFA Institute
+ "cfd", // cfd DOTCFD REGISTRY LTD
+ "chanel", // chanel Chanel International B.V.
+ "channel", // channel Charleston Road Registry Inc.
+ "chase", // chase JPMorgan Chase &amp; Co.
+ "chat", // chat Sand Fields, LLC
+ "cheap", // cheap Sand Cover, LLC
+ "chintai", // chintai CHINTAI Corporation
+ "chloe", // chloe Richemont DNS Inc.
+ "christmas", // christmas Uniregistry, Corp.
+ "chrome", // chrome Charleston Road Registry Inc.
+ "chrysler", // chrysler FCA US LLC.
+ "church", // church Holly Fileds, LLC
+ "cipriani", // cipriani Hotel Cipriani Srl
+ "circle", // circle Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
+ "cisco", // cisco Cisco Technology, Inc.
+ "citadel", // citadel Citadel Domain LLC
+ "citi", // citi Citigroup Inc.
+ "citic", // citic CITIC Group Corporation
+ "city", // city Snow Sky, LLC
+ "cityeats", // cityeats Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc.
+ "claims", // claims Black Corner, LLC
+ "cleaning", // cleaning Fox Shadow, LLC
+ "click", // click Uniregistry, Corp.
+ "clinic", // clinic Goose Park, LLC
+ "clinique", // clinique The Estée Lauder Companies Inc.
+ "clothing", // clothing Steel Lake, LLC
+ "cloud", // cloud ARUBA S.p.A.
+ "club", // club .CLUB DOMAINS, LLC
+ "clubmed", // clubmed Club Méditerranée S.A.
+ "coach", // coach Koko Island, LLC
+ "codes", // codes Puff Willow, LLC
+ "coffee", // coffee Trixy Cover, LLC
+ "college", // college XYZ.COM LLC
+ "cologne", // cologne NetCologne Gesellschaft für Telekommunikation mbH
+ "com", // com VeriSign Global Registry Services
+ "comcast", // comcast Comcast IP Holdings I, LLC
+ "commbank", // commbank COMMONWEALTH BANK OF AUSTRALIA
+ "community", // community Fox Orchard, LLC
+ "company", // company Silver Avenue, LLC
+ "compare", // compare iSelect Ltd
+ "computer", // computer Pine Mill, LLC
+ "comsec", // comsec VeriSign, Inc.
+ "condos", // condos Pine House, LLC
+ "construction", // construction Fox Dynamite, LLC
+ "consulting", // consulting United TLD Holdco, LTD.
+ "contact", // contact Top Level Spectrum, Inc.
+ "contractors", // contractors Magic Woods, LLC
+ "cooking", // cooking Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
+ "cookingchannel", // cookingchannel Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc.
+ "cool", // cool Koko Lake, LLC
+ "coop", // coop DotCooperation LLC
+ "corsica", // corsica Collectivité Territoriale de Corse
+ "country", // country Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
+ "coupon", // coupon Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
+ "coupons", // coupons Black Island, LLC
+ "courses", // courses OPEN UNIVERSITIES AUSTRALIA PTY LTD
+ "credit", // credit Snow Shadow, LLC
+ "creditcard", // creditcard Binky Frostbite, LLC
+ "creditunion", // creditunion CUNA Performance Resources, LLC
+ "cricket", // cricket dot Cricket Limited
+ "crown", // crown Crown Equipment Corporation
+ "crs", // crs Federated Co-operatives Limited
+ "cruise", // cruise Viking River Cruises (Bermuda) Ltd.
+ "cruises", // cruises Spring Way, LLC
+ "csc", // csc Alliance-One Services, Inc.
+ "cuisinella", // cuisinella SALM S.A.S.
+ "cymru", // cymru Nominet UK
+ "cyou", // cyou Beijing Gamease Age Digital Technology Co., Ltd.
+ "dabur", // dabur Dabur India Limited
+ "dad", // dad Charleston Road Registry Inc.
+ "dance", // dance United TLD Holdco Ltd.
+ "data", // data Dish DBS Corporation
+ "date", // date dot Date Limited
+ "dating", // dating Pine Fest, LLC
+ "datsun", // datsun NISSAN MOTOR CO., LTD.
+ "day", // day Charleston Road Registry Inc.
+ "dclk", // dclk Charleston Road Registry Inc.
+ "dds", // dds Minds + Machines Group Limited
+ "deal", // deal Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
+ "dealer", // dealer Dealer Dot Com, Inc.
+ "deals", // deals Sand Sunset, LLC
+ "degree", // degree United TLD Holdco, Ltd
+ "delivery", // delivery Steel Station, LLC
+ "dell", // dell Dell Inc.
+ "deloitte", // deloitte Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu
+ "delta", // delta Delta Air Lines, Inc.
+ "democrat", // democrat United TLD Holdco Ltd.
+ "dental", // dental Tin Birch, LLC
+ "dentist", // dentist United TLD Holdco, Ltd
+ "desi", // desi Desi Networks LLC
+ "design", // design Top Level Design, LLC
+ "dev", // dev Charleston Road Registry Inc.
+ "dhl", // dhl Deutsche Post AG
+ "diamonds", // diamonds John Edge, LLC
+ "diet", // diet Uniregistry, Corp.
+ "digital", // digital Dash Park, LLC
+ "direct", // direct Half Trail, LLC
+ "directory", // directory Extra Madison, LLC
+ "discount", // discount Holly Hill, LLC
+ "discover", // discover Discover Financial Services
+ "dish", // dish Dish DBS Corporation
+ "diy", // diy Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc.
+ "dnp", // dnp Dai Nippon Printing Co., Ltd.
+ "docs", // docs Charleston Road Registry Inc.
+ "doctor", // doctor Brice Trail, LLC
+ "dodge", // dodge FCA US LLC.
+ "dog", // dog Koko Mill, LLC
+ "doha", // doha Communications Regulatory Authority (CRA)
+ "domains", // domains Sugar Cross, LLC
+// "doosan", // doosan Doosan Corporation (retired)
+ "dot", // dot Dish DBS Corporation
+ "download", // download dot Support Limited
+ "drive", // drive Charleston Road Registry Inc.
+ "dtv", // dtv Dish DBS Corporation
+ "dubai", // dubai Dubai Smart Government Department
+ "duck", // duck Johnson Shareholdings, Inc.
+ "dunlop", // dunlop The Goodyear Tire &amp; Rubber Company
+ "duns", // duns The Dun &amp; Bradstreet Corporation
+ "dupont", // dupont E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company
+ "durban", // durban ZA Central Registry NPC trading as ZA Central Registry
+ "dvag", // dvag Deutsche Vermögensberatung Aktiengesellschaft DVAG
+ "dvr", // dvr Hughes Satellite Systems Corporation
+ "earth", // earth Interlink Co., Ltd.
+ "eat", // eat Charleston Road Registry Inc.
+ "eco", // eco Big Room Inc.
+ "edeka", // edeka EDEKA Verband kaufmännischer Genossenschaften e.V.
+ "edu", // edu EDUCAUSE
+ "education", // education Brice Way, LLC
+ "email", // email Spring Madison, LLC
+ "emerck", // emerck Merck KGaA
+ "energy", // energy Binky Birch, LLC
+ "engineer", // engineer United TLD Holdco Ltd.
+ "engineering", // engineering Romeo Canyon
+ "enterprises", // enterprises Snow Oaks, LLC
+ "epost", // epost Deutsche Post AG
+ "epson", // epson Seiko Epson Corporation
+ "equipment", // equipment Corn Station, LLC
+ "ericsson", // ericsson Telefonaktiebolaget L M Ericsson
+ "erni", // erni ERNI Group Holding AG
+ "esq", // esq Charleston Road Registry Inc.
+ "estate", // estate Trixy Park, LLC
+ "esurance", // esurance Esurance Insurance Company
+ "eurovision", // eurovision European Broadcasting Union (EBU)
+ "eus", // eus Puntueus Fundazioa
+ "events", // events Pioneer Maple, LLC
+ "everbank", // everbank EverBank
+ "exchange", // exchange Spring Falls, LLC
+ "expert", // expert Magic Pass, LLC
+ "exposed", // exposed Victor Beach, LLC
+ "express", // express Sea Sunset, LLC
+ "extraspace", // extraspace Extra Space Storage LLC
+ "fage", // fage Fage International S.A.
+ "fail", // fail Atomic Pipe, LLC
+ "fairwinds", // fairwinds FairWinds Partners, LLC
+ "faith", // faith dot Faith Limited
+ "family", // family United TLD Holdco Ltd.
+ "fan", // fan Asiamix Digital Ltd
+ "fans", // fans Asiamix Digital Limited
+ "farm", // farm Just Maple, LLC
+ "farmers", // farmers Farmers Insurance Exchange
+ "fashion", // fashion Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
+ "fast", // fast Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
+ "fedex", // fedex Federal Express Corporation
+ "feedback", // feedback Top Level Spectrum, Inc.
+ "ferrari", // ferrari Fiat Chrysler Automobiles N.V.
+ "ferrero", // ferrero Ferrero Trading Lux S.A.
+ "fiat", // fiat Fiat Chrysler Automobiles N.V.
+ "fidelity", // fidelity Fidelity Brokerage Services LLC
+ "fido", // fido Rogers Communications Canada Inc.
+ "film", // film Motion Picture Domain Registry Pty Ltd
+ "final", // final Núcleo de Informação e Coordenação do Ponto BR - NIC.br
+ "finance", // finance Cotton Cypress, LLC
+ "financial", // financial Just Cover, LLC
+ "fire", // fire Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
+ "firestone", // firestone Bridgestone Corporation
+ "firmdale", // firmdale Firmdale Holdings Limited
+ "fish", // fish Fox Woods, LLC
+ "fishing", // fishing Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
+ "fit", // fit Minds + Machines Group Limited
+ "fitness", // fitness Brice Orchard, LLC
+ "flickr", // flickr Yahoo! Domain Services Inc.
+ "flights", // flights Fox Station, LLC
+ "flir", // flir FLIR Systems, Inc.
+ "florist", // florist Half Cypress, LLC
+ "flowers", // flowers Uniregistry, Corp.
+// "flsmidth", // flsmidth FLSmidth A/S retired 2016-07-22
+ "fly", // fly Charleston Road Registry Inc.
+ "foo", // foo Charleston Road Registry Inc.
+ "food", // food Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc.
+ "foodnetwork", // foodnetwork Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc.
+ "football", // football Foggy Farms, LLC
+ "ford", // ford Ford Motor Company
+ "forex", // forex DOTFOREX REGISTRY LTD
+ "forsale", // forsale United TLD Holdco, LLC
+ "forum", // forum Fegistry, LLC
+ "foundation", // foundation John Dale, LLC
+ "fox", // fox FOX Registry, LLC
+ "free", // free Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
+ "fresenius", // fresenius Fresenius Immobilien-Verwaltungs-GmbH
+ "frl", // frl FRLregistry B.V.
+ "frogans", // frogans OP3FT
+ "frontdoor", // frontdoor Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc.
+ "frontier", // frontier Frontier Communications Corporation
+ "ftr", // ftr Frontier Communications Corporation
+ "fujitsu", // fujitsu Fujitsu Limited
+ "fujixerox", // fujixerox Xerox DNHC LLC
+ "fun", // fun DotSpace, Inc.
+ "fund", // fund John Castle, LLC
+ "furniture", // furniture Lone Fields, LLC
+ "futbol", // futbol United TLD Holdco, Ltd.
+ "fyi", // fyi Silver Tigers, LLC
+ "gal", // gal Asociación puntoGAL
+ "gallery", // gallery Sugar House, LLC
+ "gallo", // gallo Gallo Vineyards, Inc.
+ "gallup", // gallup Gallup, Inc.
+ "game", // game Uniregistry, Corp.
+ "games", // games United TLD Holdco Ltd.
+ "gap", // gap The Gap, Inc.
+ "garden", // garden Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
+ "gbiz", // gbiz Charleston Road Registry Inc.
+ "gdn", // gdn Joint Stock Company "Navigation-information systems"
+ "gea", // gea GEA Group Aktiengesellschaft
+ "gent", // gent COMBELL GROUP NV/SA
+ "genting", // genting Resorts World Inc. Pte. Ltd.
+ "george", // george Wal-Mart Stores, Inc.
+ "ggee", // ggee GMO Internet, Inc.
+ "gift", // gift Uniregistry, Corp.
+ "gifts", // gifts Goose Sky, LLC
+ "gives", // gives United TLD Holdco Ltd.
+ "giving", // giving Giving Limited
+ "glade", // glade Johnson Shareholdings, Inc.
+ "glass", // glass Black Cover, LLC
+ "gle", // gle Charleston Road Registry Inc.
+ "global", // global Dot Global Domain Registry Limited
+ "globo", // globo Globo Comunicação e Participações S.A
+ "gmail", // gmail Charleston Road Registry Inc.
+ "gmbh", // gmbh Extra Dynamite, LLC
+ "gmo", // gmo GMO Internet, Inc.
+ "gmx", // gmx 1&amp;1 Mail &amp; Media GmbH
+ "godaddy", // godaddy Go Daddy East, LLC
+ "gold", // gold June Edge, LLC
+ "goldpoint", // goldpoint YODOBASHI CAMERA CO.,LTD.
+ "golf", // golf Lone Falls, LLC
+ "goo", // goo NTT Resonant Inc.
+ "goodhands", // goodhands Allstate Fire and Casualty Insurance Company
+ "goodyear", // goodyear The Goodyear Tire &amp; Rubber Company
+ "goog", // goog Charleston Road Registry Inc.
+ "google", // google Charleston Road Registry Inc.
+ "gop", // gop Republican State Leadership Committee, Inc.
+ "got", // got Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
+ "gov", // gov General Services Administration Attn: QTDC, 2E08 (.gov Domain Registration)
+ "grainger", // grainger Grainger Registry Services, LLC
+ "graphics", // graphics Over Madison, LLC
+ "gratis", // gratis Pioneer Tigers, LLC
+ "green", // green Afilias Limited
+ "gripe", // gripe Corn Sunset, LLC
+ "group", // group Romeo Town, LLC
+ "guardian", // guardian The Guardian Life Insurance Company of America
+ "gucci", // gucci Guccio Gucci S.p.a.
+ "guge", // guge Charleston Road Registry Inc.
+ "guide", // guide Snow Moon, LLC
+ "guitars", // guitars Uniregistry, Corp.
+ "guru", // guru Pioneer Cypress, LLC
+ "hair", // hair L&#39;Oreal
+ "hamburg", // hamburg Hamburg Top-Level-Domain GmbH
+ "hangout", // hangout Charleston Road Registry Inc.
+ "haus", // haus United TLD Holdco, LTD.
+ "hbo", // hbo HBO Registry Services, Inc.
+ "hdfc", // hdfc HOUSING DEVELOPMENT FINANCE CORPORATION LIMITED
+ "hdfcbank", // hdfcbank HDFC Bank Limited
+ "health", // health DotHealth, LLC
+ "healthcare", // healthcare Silver Glen, LLC
+ "help", // help Uniregistry, Corp.
+ "helsinki", // helsinki City of Helsinki
+ "here", // here Charleston Road Registry Inc.
+ "hermes", // hermes Hermes International
+ "hgtv", // hgtv Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc.
+ "hiphop", // hiphop Uniregistry, Corp.
+ "hisamitsu", // hisamitsu Hisamitsu Pharmaceutical Co.,Inc.
+ "hitachi", // hitachi Hitachi, Ltd.
+ "hiv", // hiv dotHIV gemeinnuetziger e.V.
+ "hkt", // hkt PCCW-HKT DataCom Services Limited
+ "hockey", // hockey Half Willow, LLC
+ "holdings", // holdings John Madison, LLC
+ "holiday", // holiday Goose Woods, LLC
+ "homedepot", // homedepot Homer TLC, Inc.
+ "homegoods", // homegoods The TJX Companies, Inc.
+ "homes", // homes DERHomes, LLC
+ "homesense", // homesense The TJX Companies, Inc.
+ "honda", // honda Honda Motor Co., Ltd.
+ "honeywell", // honeywell Honeywell GTLD LLC
+ "horse", // horse Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
+ "hospital", // hospital Ruby Pike, LLC
+ "host", // host DotHost Inc.
+ "hosting", // hosting Uniregistry, Corp.
+ "hot", // hot Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
+ "hoteles", // hoteles Travel Reservations SRL
+ "hotmail", // hotmail Microsoft Corporation
+ "house", // house Sugar Park, LLC
+ "how", // how Charleston Road Registry Inc.
+ "hsbc", // hsbc HSBC Holdings PLC
+ "htc", // htc HTC corporation
+ "hughes", // hughes Hughes Satellite Systems Corporation
+ "hyatt", // hyatt Hyatt GTLD, L.L.C.
+ "hyundai", // hyundai Hyundai Motor Company
+ "ibm", // ibm International Business Machines Corporation
+ "icbc", // icbc Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Limited
+ "ice", // ice IntercontinentalExchange, Inc.
+ "icu", // icu One.com A/S
+ "ieee", // ieee IEEE Global LLC
+ "ifm", // ifm ifm electronic gmbh
+// "iinet", // iinet Connect West Pty. Ltd. (Retired)
+ "ikano", // ikano Ikano S.A.
+ "imamat", // imamat Fondation Aga Khan (Aga Khan Foundation)
+ "imdb", // imdb Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
+ "immo", // immo Auburn Bloom, LLC
+ "immobilien", // immobilien United TLD Holdco Ltd.
+ "industries", // industries Outer House, LLC
+ "infiniti", // infiniti NISSAN MOTOR CO., LTD.
+ "info", // info Afilias Limited
+ "ing", // ing Charleston Road Registry Inc.
+ "ink", // ink Top Level Design, LLC
+ "institute", // institute Outer Maple, LLC
+ "insurance", // insurance fTLD Registry Services LLC
+ "insure", // insure Pioneer Willow, LLC
+ "int", // int Internet Assigned Numbers Authority
+ "intel", // intel Intel Corporation
+ "international", // international Wild Way, LLC
+ "intuit", // intuit Intuit Administrative Services, Inc.
+ "investments", // investments Holly Glen, LLC
+ "ipiranga", // ipiranga Ipiranga Produtos de Petroleo S.A.
+ "irish", // irish Dot-Irish LLC
+ "iselect", // iselect iSelect Ltd
+ "ismaili", // ismaili Fondation Aga Khan (Aga Khan Foundation)
+ "ist", // ist Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality
+ "istanbul", // istanbul Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality / Medya A.S.
+ "itau", // itau Itau Unibanco Holding S.A.
+ "itv", // itv ITV Services Limited
+ "iveco", // iveco CNH Industrial N.V.
+ "iwc", // iwc Richemont DNS Inc.
+ "jaguar", // jaguar Jaguar Land Rover Ltd
+ "java", // java Oracle Corporation
+ "jcb", // jcb JCB Co., Ltd.
+ "jcp", // jcp JCP Media, Inc.
+ "jeep", // jeep FCA US LLC.
+ "jetzt", // jetzt New TLD Company AB
+ "jewelry", // jewelry Wild Bloom, LLC
+ "jio", // jio Affinity Names, Inc.
+ "jlc", // jlc Richemont DNS Inc.
+ "jll", // jll Jones Lang LaSalle Incorporated
+ "jmp", // jmp Matrix IP LLC
+ "jnj", // jnj Johnson &amp; Johnson Services, Inc.
+ "jobs", // jobs Employ Media LLC
+ "joburg", // joburg ZA Central Registry NPC trading as ZA Central Registry
+ "jot", // jot Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
+ "joy", // joy Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
+ "jpmorgan", // jpmorgan JPMorgan Chase &amp; Co.
+ "jprs", // jprs Japan Registry Services Co., Ltd.
+ "juegos", // juegos Uniregistry, Corp.
+ "juniper", // juniper JUNIPER NETWORKS, INC.
+ "kaufen", // kaufen United TLD Holdco Ltd.
+ "kddi", // kddi KDDI CORPORATION
+ "kerryhotels", // kerryhotels Kerry Trading Co. Limited
+ "kerrylogistics", // kerrylogistics Kerry Trading Co. Limited
+ "kerryproperties", // kerryproperties Kerry Trading Co. Limited
+ "kfh", // kfh Kuwait Finance House
+ "kia", // kia KIA MOTORS CORPORATION
+ "kim", // kim Afilias Limited
+ "kinder", // kinder Ferrero Trading Lux S.A.
+ "kindle", // kindle Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
+ "kitchen", // kitchen Just Goodbye, LLC
+ "kiwi", // kiwi DOT KIWI LIMITED
+ "koeln", // koeln NetCologne Gesellschaft für Telekommunikation mbH
+ "komatsu", // komatsu Komatsu Ltd.
+ "kosher", // kosher Kosher Marketing Assets LLC
+ "kpmg", // kpmg KPMG International Cooperative (KPMG International Genossenschaft)
+ "kpn", // kpn Koninklijke KPN N.V.
+ "krd", // krd KRG Department of Information Technology
+ "kred", // kred KredTLD Pty Ltd
+ "kuokgroup", // kuokgroup Kerry Trading Co. Limited
+ "kyoto", // kyoto Academic Institution: Kyoto Jyoho Gakuen
+ "lacaixa", // lacaixa CAIXA D&#39;ESTALVIS I PENSIONS DE BARCELONA
+ "ladbrokes", // ladbrokes LADBROKES INTERNATIONAL PLC
+ "lamborghini", // lamborghini Automobili Lamborghini S.p.A.
+ "lamer", // lamer The Estée Lauder Companies Inc.
+ "lancaster", // lancaster LANCASTER
+ "lancia", // lancia Fiat Chrysler Automobiles N.V.
+ "lancome", // lancome L&#39;Oréal
+ "land", // land Pine Moon, LLC
+ "landrover", // landrover Jaguar Land Rover Ltd
+ "lanxess", // lanxess LANXESS Corporation
+ "lasalle", // lasalle Jones Lang LaSalle Incorporated
+ "lat", // lat ECOM-LAC Federación de Latinoamérica y el Caribe para Internet y el Comercio Electrónico
+ "latino", // latino Dish DBS Corporation
+ "latrobe", // latrobe La Trobe University
+ "law", // law Minds + Machines Group Limited
+ "lawyer", // lawyer United TLD Holdco, Ltd
+ "lds", // lds IRI Domain Management, LLC
+ "lease", // lease Victor Trail, LLC
+ "leclerc", // leclerc A.C.D. LEC Association des Centres Distributeurs Edouard Leclerc
+ "lefrak", // lefrak LeFrak Organization, Inc.
+ "legal", // legal Blue Falls, LLC
+ "lego", // lego LEGO Juris A/S
+ "lexus", // lexus TOYOTA MOTOR CORPORATION
+ "lgbt", // lgbt Afilias Limited
+ "liaison", // liaison Liaison Technologies, Incorporated
+ "lidl", // lidl Schwarz Domains und Services GmbH &amp; Co. KG
+ "life", // life Trixy Oaks, LLC
+ "lifeinsurance", // lifeinsurance American Council of Life Insurers
+ "lifestyle", // lifestyle Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc.
+ "lighting", // lighting John McCook, LLC
+ "like", // like Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
+ "lilly", // lilly Eli Lilly and Company
+ "limited", // limited Big Fest, LLC
+ "limo", // limo Hidden Frostbite, LLC
+ "lincoln", // lincoln Ford Motor Company
+ "linde", // linde Linde Aktiengesellschaft
+ "link", // link Uniregistry, Corp.
+ "lipsy", // lipsy Lipsy Ltd
+ "live", // live United TLD Holdco Ltd.
+ "living", // living Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc.
+ "lixil", // lixil LIXIL Group Corporation
+ "loan", // loan dot Loan Limited
+ "loans", // loans June Woods, LLC
+ "locker", // locker Dish DBS Corporation
+ "locus", // locus Locus Analytics LLC
+ "loft", // loft Annco, Inc.
+ "lol", // lol Uniregistry, Corp.
+ "london", // london Dot London Domains Limited
+ "lotte", // lotte Lotte Holdings Co., Ltd.
+ "lotto", // lotto Afilias Limited
+ "love", // love Merchant Law Group LLP
+ "lpl", // lpl LPL Holdings, Inc.
+ "lplfinancial", // lplfinancial LPL Holdings, Inc.
+ "ltd", // ltd Over Corner, LLC
+ "ltda", // ltda InterNetX Corp.
+ "lundbeck", // lundbeck H. Lundbeck A/S
+ "lupin", // lupin LUPIN LIMITED
+ "luxe", // luxe Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
+ "luxury", // luxury Luxury Partners LLC
+ "macys", // macys Macys, Inc.
+ "madrid", // madrid Comunidad de Madrid
+ "maif", // maif Mutuelle Assurance Instituteur France (MAIF)
+ "maison", // maison Victor Frostbite, LLC
+ "makeup", // makeup L&#39;Oréal
+ "man", // man MAN SE
+ "management", // management John Goodbye, LLC
+ "mango", // mango PUNTO FA S.L.
+ "market", // market Unitied TLD Holdco, Ltd
+ "marketing", // marketing Fern Pass, LLC
+ "markets", // markets DOTMARKETS REGISTRY LTD
+ "marriott", // marriott Marriott Worldwide Corporation
+ "marshalls", // marshalls The TJX Companies, Inc.
+ "maserati", // maserati Fiat Chrysler Automobiles N.V.
+ "mattel", // mattel Mattel Sites, Inc.
+ "mba", // mba Lone Hollow, LLC
+ "mcd", // mcd McDonald’s Corporation
+ "mcdonalds", // mcdonalds McDonald’s Corporation
+ "mckinsey", // mckinsey McKinsey Holdings, Inc.
+ "med", // med Medistry LLC
+ "media", // media Grand Glen, LLC
+ "meet", // meet Afilias Limited
+ "melbourne", // melbourne The Crown in right of the State of Victoria, represented by its Department of State Development, Business and Innovation
+ "meme", // meme Charleston Road Registry Inc.
+ "memorial", // memorial Dog Beach, LLC
+ "men", // men Exclusive Registry Limited
+ "menu", // menu Wedding TLD2, LLC
+ "meo", // meo PT Comunicacoes S.A.
+ "metlife", // metlife MetLife Services and Solutions, LLC
+ "miami", // miami Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
+ "microsoft", // microsoft Microsoft Corporation
+ "mil", // mil DoD Network Information Center
+ "mini", // mini Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft
+ "mint", // mint Intuit Administrative Services, Inc.
+ "mit", // mit Massachusetts Institute of Technology
+ "mitsubishi", // mitsubishi Mitsubishi Corporation
+ "mlb", // mlb MLB Advanced Media DH, LLC
+ "mls", // mls The Canadian Real Estate Association
+ "mma", // mma MMA IARD
+ "mobi", // mobi Afilias Technologies Limited dba dotMobi
+ "mobile", // mobile Dish DBS Corporation
+ "mobily", // mobily GreenTech Consultancy Company W.L.L.
+ "moda", // moda United TLD Holdco Ltd.
+ "moe", // moe Interlink Co., Ltd.
+ "moi", // moi Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
+ "mom", // mom Uniregistry, Corp.
+ "monash", // monash Monash University
+ "money", // money Outer McCook, LLC
+ "monster", // monster Monster Worldwide, Inc.
+ "montblanc", // montblanc Richemont DNS Inc.
+ "mopar", // mopar FCA US LLC.
+ "mormon", // mormon IRI Domain Management, LLC (&quot;Applicant&quot;)
+ "mortgage", // mortgage United TLD Holdco, Ltd
+ "moscow", // moscow Foundation for Assistance for Internet Technologies and Infrastructure Development (FAITID)
+ "moto", // moto Motorola Trademark Holdings, LLC
+ "motorcycles", // motorcycles DERMotorcycles, LLC
+ "mov", // mov Charleston Road Registry Inc.
+ "movie", // movie New Frostbite, LLC
+ "movistar", // movistar Telefónica S.A.
+ "msd", // msd MSD Registry Holdings, Inc.
+ "mtn", // mtn MTN Dubai Limited
+ "mtpc", // mtpc Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation
+ "mtr", // mtr MTR Corporation Limited
+ "museum", // museum Museum Domain Management Association
+ "mutual", // mutual Northwestern Mutual MU TLD Registry, LLC
+// "mutuelle", // mutuelle Fédération Nationale de la Mutualité Française (Retired)
+ "nab", // nab National Australia Bank Limited
+ "nadex", // nadex Nadex Domains, Inc
+ "nagoya", // nagoya GMO Registry, Inc.
+ "name", // name VeriSign Information Services, Inc.
+ "nationwide", // nationwide Nationwide Mutual Insurance Company
+ "natura", // natura NATURA COSMÉTICOS S.A.
+ "navy", // navy United TLD Holdco Ltd.
+ "nba", // nba NBA REGISTRY, LLC
+ "nec", // nec NEC Corporation
+ "net", // net VeriSign Global Registry Services
+ "netbank", // netbank COMMONWEALTH BANK OF AUSTRALIA
+ "netflix", // netflix Netflix, Inc.
+ "network", // network Trixy Manor, LLC
+ "neustar", // neustar NeuStar, Inc.
+ "new", // new Charleston Road Registry Inc.
+ "newholland", // newholland CNH Industrial N.V.
+ "news", // news United TLD Holdco Ltd.
+ "next", // next Next plc
+ "nextdirect", // nextdirect Next plc
+ "nexus", // nexus Charleston Road Registry Inc.
+ "nfl", // nfl NFL Reg Ops LLC
+ "ngo", // ngo Public Interest Registry
+ "nhk", // nhk Japan Broadcasting Corporation (NHK)
+ "nico", // nico DWANGO Co., Ltd.
+ "nike", // nike NIKE, Inc.
+ "nikon", // nikon NIKON CORPORATION
+ "ninja", // ninja United TLD Holdco Ltd.
+ "nissan", // nissan NISSAN MOTOR CO., LTD.
+ "nissay", // nissay Nippon Life Insurance Company
+ "nokia", // nokia Nokia Corporation
+ "northwesternmutual", // northwesternmutual Northwestern Mutual Registry, LLC
+ "norton", // norton Symantec Corporation
+ "now", // now Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
+ "nowruz", // nowruz Asia Green IT System Bilgisayar San. ve Tic. Ltd. Sti.
+ "nowtv", // nowtv Starbucks (HK) Limited
+ "nra", // nra NRA Holdings Company, INC.
+ "nrw", // nrw Minds + Machines GmbH
+ "ntt", // ntt NIPPON TELEGRAPH AND TELEPHONE CORPORATION
+ "nyc", // nyc The City of New York by and through the New York City Department of Information Technology &amp; Telecommunications
+ "obi", // obi OBI Group Holding SE &amp; Co. KGaA
+ "observer", // observer Top Level Spectrum, Inc.
+ "off", // off Johnson Shareholdings, Inc.
+ "office", // office Microsoft Corporation
+ "okinawa", // okinawa BusinessRalliart inc.
+ "olayan", // olayan Crescent Holding GmbH
+ "olayangroup", // olayangroup Crescent Holding GmbH
+ "oldnavy", // oldnavy The Gap, Inc.
+ "ollo", // ollo Dish DBS Corporation
+ "omega", // omega The Swatch Group Ltd
+ "one", // one One.com A/S
+ "ong", // ong Public Interest Registry
+ "onl", // onl I-REGISTRY Ltd., Niederlassung Deutschland
+ "online", // online DotOnline Inc.
+ "onyourside", // onyourside Nationwide Mutual Insurance Company
+ "ooo", // ooo INFIBEAM INCORPORATION LIMITED
+ "open", // open American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc.
+ "oracle", // oracle Oracle Corporation
+ "orange", // orange Orange Brand Services Limited
+ "org", // org Public Interest Registry (PIR)
+ "organic", // organic Afilias Limited
+ "orientexpress", // orientexpress Orient Express
+ "origins", // origins The Estée Lauder Companies Inc.
+ "osaka", // osaka Interlink Co., Ltd.
+ "otsuka", // otsuka Otsuka Holdings Co., Ltd.
+ "ott", // ott Dish DBS Corporation
+ "ovh", // ovh OVH SAS
+ "page", // page Charleston Road Registry Inc.
+ "pamperedchef", // pamperedchef The Pampered Chef, Ltd.
+ "panasonic", // panasonic Panasonic Corporation
+ "panerai", // panerai Richemont DNS Inc.
+ "paris", // paris City of Paris
+ "pars", // pars Asia Green IT System Bilgisayar San. ve Tic. Ltd. Sti.
+ "partners", // partners Magic Glen, LLC
+ "parts", // parts Sea Goodbye, LLC
+ "party", // party Blue Sky Registry Limited
+ "passagens", // passagens Travel Reservations SRL
+ "pay", // pay Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
+ "pccw", // pccw PCCW Enterprises Limited
+ "pet", // pet Afilias plc
+ "pfizer", // pfizer Pfizer Inc.
+ "pharmacy", // pharmacy National Association of Boards of Pharmacy
+ "philips", // philips Koninklijke Philips N.V.
+ "phone", // phone Dish DBS Corporation
+ "photo", // photo Uniregistry, Corp.
+ "photography", // photography Sugar Glen, LLC
+ "photos", // photos Sea Corner, LLC
+ "physio", // physio PhysBiz Pty Ltd
+ "piaget", // piaget Richemont DNS Inc.
+ "pics", // pics Uniregistry, Corp.
+ "pictet", // pictet Pictet Europe S.A.
+ "pictures", // pictures Foggy Sky, LLC
+ "pid", // pid Top Level Spectrum, Inc.
+ "pin", // pin Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
+ "ping", // ping Ping Registry Provider, Inc.
+ "pink", // pink Afilias Limited
+ "pioneer", // pioneer Pioneer Corporation
+ "pizza", // pizza Foggy Moon, LLC
+ "place", // place Snow Galley, LLC
+ "play", // play Charleston Road Registry Inc.
+ "playstation", // playstation Sony Computer Entertainment Inc.
+ "plumbing", // plumbing Spring Tigers, LLC
+ "plus", // plus Sugar Mill, LLC
+ "pnc", // pnc PNC Domain Co., LLC
+ "pohl", // pohl Deutsche Vermögensberatung Aktiengesellschaft DVAG
+ "poker", // poker Afilias Domains No. 5 Limited
+ "politie", // politie Politie Nederland
+ "porn", // porn ICM Registry PN LLC
+ "post", // post Universal Postal Union
+ "pramerica", // pramerica Prudential Financial, Inc.
+ "praxi", // praxi Praxi S.p.A.
+ "press", // press DotPress Inc.
+ "prime", // prime Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
+ "pro", // pro Registry Services Corporation dba RegistryPro
+ "prod", // prod Charleston Road Registry Inc.
+ "productions", // productions Magic Birch, LLC
+ "prof", // prof Charleston Road Registry Inc.
+ "progressive", // progressive Progressive Casualty Insurance Company
+ "promo", // promo Afilias plc
+ "properties", // properties Big Pass, LLC
+ "property", // property Uniregistry, Corp.
+ "protection", // protection XYZ.COM LLC
+ "pru", // pru Prudential Financial, Inc.
+ "prudential", // prudential Prudential Financial, Inc.
+ "pub", // pub United TLD Holdco Ltd.
+ "pwc", // pwc PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
+ "qpon", // qpon dotCOOL, Inc.
+ "quebec", // quebec PointQuébec Inc
+ "quest", // quest Quest ION Limited
+ "qvc", // qvc QVC, Inc.
+ "racing", // racing Premier Registry Limited
+ "radio", // radio European Broadcasting Union (EBU)
+ "raid", // raid Johnson Shareholdings, Inc.
+ "read", // read Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
+ "realestate", // realestate dotRealEstate LLC
+ "realtor", // realtor Real Estate Domains LLC
+ "realty", // realty Fegistry, LLC
+ "recipes", // recipes Grand Island, LLC
+ "red", // red Afilias Limited
+ "redstone", // redstone Redstone Haute Couture Co., Ltd.
+ "redumbrella", // redumbrella Travelers TLD, LLC
+ "rehab", // rehab United TLD Holdco Ltd.
+ "reise", // reise Foggy Way, LLC
+ "reisen", // reisen New Cypress, LLC
+ "reit", // reit National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts, Inc.
+ "reliance", // reliance Reliance Industries Limited
+ "ren", // ren Beijing Qianxiang Wangjing Technology Development Co., Ltd.
+ "rent", // rent XYZ.COM LLC
+ "rentals", // rentals Big Hollow,LLC
+ "repair", // repair Lone Sunset, LLC
+ "report", // report Binky Glen, LLC
+ "republican", // republican United TLD Holdco Ltd.
+ "rest", // rest Punto 2012 Sociedad Anonima Promotora de Inversion de Capital Variable
+ "restaurant", // restaurant Snow Avenue, LLC
+ "review", // review dot Review Limited
+ "reviews", // reviews United TLD Holdco, Ltd.
+ "rexroth", // rexroth Robert Bosch GMBH
+ "rich", // rich I-REGISTRY Ltd., Niederlassung Deutschland
+ "richardli", // richardli Pacific Century Asset Management (HK) Limited
+ "ricoh", // ricoh Ricoh Company, Ltd.
+ "rightathome", // rightathome Johnson Shareholdings, Inc.
+ "ril", // ril Reliance Industries Limited
+ "rio", // rio Empresa Municipal de Informática SA - IPLANRIO
+ "rip", // rip United TLD Holdco Ltd.
+ "rmit", // rmit Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology
+ "rocher", // rocher Ferrero Trading Lux S.A.
+ "rocks", // rocks United TLD Holdco, LTD.
+ "rodeo", // rodeo Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
+ "rogers", // rogers Rogers Communications Canada Inc.
+ "room", // room Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
+ "rsvp", // rsvp Charleston Road Registry Inc.
+ "ruhr", // ruhr regiodot GmbH &amp; Co. KG
+ "run", // run Snow Park, LLC
+ "rwe", // rwe RWE AG
+ "ryukyu", // ryukyu BusinessRalliart inc.
+ "saarland", // saarland dotSaarland GmbH
+ "safe", // safe Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
+ "safety", // safety Safety Registry Services, LLC.
+ "sakura", // sakura SAKURA Internet Inc.
+ "sale", // sale United TLD Holdco, Ltd
+ "salon", // salon Outer Orchard, LLC
+ "samsclub", // samsclub Wal-Mart Stores, Inc.
+ "samsung", // samsung SAMSUNG SDS CO., LTD
+ "sandvik", // sandvik Sandvik AB
+ "sandvikcoromant", // sandvikcoromant Sandvik AB
+ "sanofi", // sanofi Sanofi
+ "sap", // sap SAP AG
+ "sapo", // sapo PT Comunicacoes S.A.
+ "sarl", // sarl Delta Orchard, LLC
+ "sas", // sas Research IP LLC
+ "save", // save Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
+ "saxo", // saxo Saxo Bank A/S
+ "sbi", // sbi STATE BANK OF INDIA
+ "sbs", // sbs SPECIAL BROADCASTING SERVICE CORPORATION
+ "sca", // sca SVENSKA CELLULOSA AKTIEBOLAGET SCA (publ)
+ "scb", // scb The Siam Commercial Bank Public Company Limited (&quot;SCB&quot;)
+ "schaeffler", // schaeffler Schaeffler Technologies AG &amp; Co. KG
+ "schmidt", // schmidt SALM S.A.S.
+ "scholarships", // scholarships Scholarships.com, LLC
+ "school", // school Little Galley, LLC
+ "schule", // schule Outer Moon, LLC
+ "schwarz", // schwarz Schwarz Domains und Services GmbH &amp; Co. KG
+ "science", // science dot Science Limited
+ "scjohnson", // scjohnson Johnson Shareholdings, Inc.
+ "scor", // scor SCOR SE
+ "scot", // scot Dot Scot Registry Limited
+ "seat", // seat SEAT, S.A. (Sociedad Unipersonal)
+ "secure", // secure Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
+ "security", // security XYZ.COM LLC
+ "seek", // seek Seek Limited
+ "select", // select iSelect Ltd
+ "sener", // sener Sener Ingeniería y Sistemas, S.A.
+ "services", // services Fox Castle, LLC
+ "ses", // ses SES
+ "seven", // seven Seven West Media Ltd
+ "sew", // sew SEW-EURODRIVE GmbH &amp; Co KG
+ "sex", // sex ICM Registry SX LLC
+ "sexy", // sexy Uniregistry, Corp.
+ "sfr", // sfr Societe Francaise du Radiotelephone - SFR
+ "shangrila", // shangrila Shangri‐La International Hotel Management Limited
+ "sharp", // sharp Sharp Corporation
+ "shaw", // shaw Shaw Cablesystems G.P.
+ "shell", // shell Shell Information Technology International Inc
+ "shia", // shia Asia Green IT System Bilgisayar San. ve Tic. Ltd. Sti.
+ "shiksha", // shiksha Afilias Limited
+ "shoes", // shoes Binky Galley, LLC
+ "shop", // shop GMO Registry, Inc.
+ "shopping", // shopping Over Keep, LLC
+ "shouji", // shouji QIHOO 360 TECHNOLOGY CO. LTD.
+ "show", // show Snow Beach, LLC
+ "showtime", // showtime CBS Domains Inc.
+ "shriram", // shriram Shriram Capital Ltd.
+ "silk", // silk Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
+ "sina", // sina Sina Corporation
+ "singles", // singles Fern Madison, LLC
+ "site", // site DotSite Inc.
+ "ski", // ski STARTING DOT LIMITED
+ "skin", // skin L&#39;Oréal
+ "sky", // sky Sky International AG
+ "skype", // skype Microsoft Corporation
+ "sling", // sling Hughes Satellite Systems Corporation
+ "smart", // smart Smart Communications, Inc. (SMART)
+ "smile", // smile Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
+ "sncf", // sncf SNCF (Société Nationale des Chemins de fer Francais)
+ "soccer", // soccer Foggy Shadow, LLC
+ "social", // social United TLD Holdco Ltd.
+ "softbank", // softbank SoftBank Group Corp.
+ "software", // software United TLD Holdco, Ltd
+ "sohu", // sohu Sohu.com Limited
+ "solar", // solar Ruby Town, LLC
+ "solutions", // solutions Silver Cover, LLC
+ "song", // song Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
+ "sony", // sony Sony Corporation
+ "soy", // soy Charleston Road Registry Inc.
+ "space", // space DotSpace Inc.
+ "spiegel", // spiegel SPIEGEL-Verlag Rudolf Augstein GmbH &amp; Co. KG
+ "spot", // spot Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
+ "spreadbetting", // spreadbetting DOTSPREADBETTING REGISTRY LTD
+ "srl", // srl InterNetX Corp.
+ "srt", // srt FCA US LLC.
+ "stada", // stada STADA Arzneimittel AG
+ "staples", // staples Staples, Inc.
+ "star", // star Star India Private Limited
+ "starhub", // starhub StarHub Limited
+ "statebank", // statebank STATE BANK OF INDIA
+ "statefarm", // statefarm State Farm Mutual Automobile Insurance Company
+ "statoil", // statoil Statoil ASA
+ "stc", // stc Saudi Telecom Company
+ "stcgroup", // stcgroup Saudi Telecom Company
+ "stockholm", // stockholm Stockholms kommun
+ "storage", // storage Self Storage Company LLC
+ "store", // store DotStore Inc.
+ "stream", // stream dot Stream Limited
+ "studio", // studio United TLD Holdco Ltd.
+ "study", // study OPEN UNIVERSITIES AUSTRALIA PTY LTD
+ "style", // style Binky Moon, LLC
+ "sucks", // sucks Vox Populi Registry Ltd.
+ "supplies", // supplies Atomic Fields, LLC
+ "supply", // supply Half Falls, LLC
+ "support", // support Grand Orchard, LLC
+ "surf", // surf Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
+ "surgery", // surgery Tin Avenue, LLC
+ "suzuki", // suzuki SUZUKI MOTOR CORPORATION
+ "swatch", // swatch The Swatch Group Ltd
+ "swiftcover", // swiftcover Swiftcover Insurance Services Limited
+ "swiss", // swiss Swiss Confederation
+ "sydney", // sydney State of New South Wales, Department of Premier and Cabinet
+ "symantec", // symantec Symantec Corporation
+ "systems", // systems Dash Cypress, LLC
+ "tab", // tab Tabcorp Holdings Limited
+ "taipei", // taipei Taipei City Government
+ "talk", // talk Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
+ "taobao", // taobao Alibaba Group Holding Limited
+ "target", // target Target Domain Holdings, LLC
+ "tatamotors", // tatamotors Tata Motors Ltd
+ "tatar", // tatar Limited Liability Company &quot;Coordination Center of Regional Domain of Tatarstan Republic&quot;
+ "tattoo", // tattoo Uniregistry, Corp.
+ "tax", // tax Storm Orchard, LLC
+ "taxi", // taxi Pine Falls, LLC
+ "tci", // tci Asia Green IT System Bilgisayar San. ve Tic. Ltd. Sti.
+ "tdk", // tdk TDK Corporation
+ "team", // team Atomic Lake, LLC
+ "tech", // tech Dot Tech LLC
+ "technology", // technology Auburn Falls, LLC
+ "tel", // tel Telnic Ltd.
+ "telecity", // telecity TelecityGroup International Limited
+ "telefonica", // telefonica Telefónica S.A.
+ "temasek", // temasek Temasek Holdings (Private) Limited
+ "tennis", // tennis Cotton Bloom, LLC
+ "teva", // teva Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Limited
+ "thd", // thd Homer TLC, Inc.
+ "theater", // theater Blue Tigers, LLC
+ "theatre", // theatre XYZ.COM LLC
+ "tiaa", // tiaa Teachers Insurance and Annuity Association of America
+ "tickets", // tickets Accent Media Limited
+ "tienda", // tienda Victor Manor, LLC
+ "tiffany", // tiffany Tiffany and Company
+ "tips", // tips Corn Willow, LLC
+ "tires", // tires Dog Edge, LLC
+ "tirol", // tirol punkt Tirol GmbH
+ "tjmaxx", // tjmaxx The TJX Companies, Inc.
+ "tjx", // tjx The TJX Companies, Inc.
+ "tkmaxx", // tkmaxx The TJX Companies, Inc.
+ "tmall", // tmall Alibaba Group Holding Limited
+ "today", // today Pearl Woods, LLC
+ "tokyo", // tokyo GMO Registry, Inc.
+ "tools", // tools Pioneer North, LLC
+ "top", // top Jiangsu Bangning Science &amp; Technology Co.,Ltd.
+ "toray", // toray Toray Industries, Inc.
+ "toshiba", // toshiba TOSHIBA Corporation
+ "total", // total Total SA
+ "tours", // tours Sugar Station, LLC
+ "town", // town Koko Moon, LLC
+ "toyota", // toyota TOYOTA MOTOR CORPORATION
+ "toys", // toys Pioneer Orchard, LLC
+ "trade", // trade Elite Registry Limited
+ "trading", // trading DOTTRADING REGISTRY LTD
+ "training", // training Wild Willow, LLC
+ "travel", // travel Tralliance Registry Management Company, LLC.
+ "travelchannel", // travelchannel Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc.
+ "travelers", // travelers Travelers TLD, LLC
+ "travelersinsurance", // travelersinsurance Travelers TLD, LLC
+ "trust", // trust Artemis Internet Inc
+ "trv", // trv Travelers TLD, LLC
+ "tube", // tube Latin American Telecom LLC
+ "tui", // tui TUI AG
+ "tunes", // tunes Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
+ "tushu", // tushu Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
+ "tvs", // tvs T V SUNDRAM IYENGAR &amp; SONS PRIVATE LIMITED
+ "ubank", // ubank National Australia Bank Limited
+ "ubs", // ubs UBS AG
+ "uconnect", // uconnect FCA US LLC.
+ "unicom", // unicom China United Network Communications Corporation Limited
+ "university", // university Little Station, LLC
+ "uno", // uno Dot Latin LLC
+ "uol", // uol UBN INTERNET LTDA.
+ "ups", // ups UPS Market Driver, Inc.
+ "vacations", // vacations Atomic Tigers, LLC
+ "vana", // vana Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc.
+ "vanguard", // vanguard The Vanguard Group, Inc.
+ "vegas", // vegas Dot Vegas, Inc.
+ "ventures", // ventures Binky Lake, LLC
+ "verisign", // verisign VeriSign, Inc.
+ "versicherung", // versicherung dotversicherung-registry GmbH
+ "vet", // vet United TLD Holdco, Ltd
+ "viajes", // viajes Black Madison, LLC
+ "video", // video United TLD Holdco, Ltd
+ "vig", // vig VIENNA INSURANCE GROUP AG Wiener Versicherung Gruppe
+ "viking", // viking Viking River Cruises (Bermuda) Ltd.
+ "villas", // villas New Sky, LLC
+ "vin", // vin Holly Shadow, LLC
+ "vip", // vip Minds + Machines Group Limited
+ "virgin", // virgin Virgin Enterprises Limited
+ "visa", // visa Visa Worldwide Pte. Limited
+ "vision", // vision Koko Station, LLC
+ "vista", // vista Vistaprint Limited
+ "vistaprint", // vistaprint Vistaprint Limited
+ "viva", // viva Saudi Telecom Company
+ "vivo", // vivo Telefonica Brasil S.A.
+ "vlaanderen", // vlaanderen DNS.be vzw
+ "vodka", // vodka Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
+ "volkswagen", // volkswagen Volkswagen Group of America Inc.
+ "volvo", // volvo Volvo Holding Sverige Aktiebolag
+ "vote", // vote Monolith Registry LLC
+ "voting", // voting Valuetainment Corp.
+ "voto", // voto Monolith Registry LLC
+ "voyage", // voyage Ruby House, LLC
+ "vuelos", // vuelos Travel Reservations SRL
+ "wales", // wales Nominet UK
+ "walmart", // walmart Wal-Mart Stores, Inc.
+ "walter", // walter Sandvik AB
+ "wang", // wang Zodiac Registry Limited
+ "wanggou", // wanggou Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
+ "warman", // warman Weir Group IP Limited
+ "watch", // watch Sand Shadow, LLC
+ "watches", // watches Richemont DNS Inc.
+ "weather", // weather The Weather Channel, LLC
+ "weatherchannel", // weatherchannel The Weather Channel, LLC
+ "webcam", // webcam dot Webcam Limited
+ "weber", // weber Saint-Gobain Weber SA
+ "website", // website DotWebsite Inc.
+ "wed", // wed Atgron, Inc.
+ "wedding", // wedding Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
+ "weibo", // weibo Sina Corporation
+ "weir", // weir Weir Group IP Limited
+ "whoswho", // whoswho Who&#39;s Who Registry
+ "wien", // wien punkt.wien GmbH
+ "wiki", // wiki Top Level Design, LLC
+ "williamhill", // williamhill William Hill Organization Limited
+ "win", // win First Registry Limited
+ "windows", // windows Microsoft Corporation
+ "wine", // wine June Station, LLC
+ "winners", // winners The TJX Companies, Inc.
+ "wme", // wme William Morris Endeavor Entertainment, LLC
+ "wolterskluwer", // wolterskluwer Wolters Kluwer N.V.
+ "woodside", // woodside Woodside Petroleum Limited
+ "work", // work Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
+ "works", // works Little Dynamite, LLC
+ "world", // world Bitter Fields, LLC
+ "wow", // wow Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
+ "wtc", // wtc World Trade Centers Association, Inc.
+ "wtf", // wtf Hidden Way, LLC
+ "xbox", // xbox Microsoft Corporation
+ "xerox", // xerox Xerox DNHC LLC
+ "xfinity", // xfinity Comcast IP Holdings I, LLC
+ "xihuan", // xihuan QIHOO 360 TECHNOLOGY CO. LTD.
+ "xin", // xin Elegant Leader Limited
+ "xn--11b4c3d", // कॉम VeriSign Sarl
+ "xn--1ck2e1b", // セール Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
+ "xn--1qqw23a", // 佛山 Guangzhou YU Wei Information Technology Co., Ltd.
+ "xn--30rr7y", // 慈善 Excellent First Limited
+ "xn--3bst00m", // 集团 Eagle Horizon Limited
+ "xn--3ds443g", // 在线 TLD REGISTRY LIMITED
+ "xn--3oq18vl8pn36a", // 大众汽车 Volkswagen (China) Investment Co., Ltd.
+ "xn--3pxu8k", // 点看 VeriSign Sarl
+ "xn--42c2d9a", // คอม VeriSign Sarl
+ "xn--45q11c", // 八卦 Zodiac Scorpio Limited
+ "xn--4gbrim", // موقع Suhub Electronic Establishment
+ "xn--55qw42g", // 公益 China Organizational Name Administration Center
+ "xn--55qx5d", // 公司 Computer Network Information Center of Chinese Academy of Sciences (China Internet Network Information Center)
+ "xn--5su34j936bgsg", // 香格里拉 Shangri‐La International Hotel Management Limited
+ "xn--5tzm5g", // 网站 Global Website TLD Asia Limited
+ "xn--6frz82g", // 移动 Afilias Limited
+ "xn--6qq986b3xl", // 我爱你 Tycoon Treasure Limited
+ "xn--80adxhks", // москва Foundation for Assistance for Internet Technologies and Infrastructure Development (FAITID)
+ "xn--80aqecdr1a", // католик Pontificium Consilium de Comunicationibus Socialibus (PCCS) (Pontifical Council for Social Communication)
+ "xn--80asehdb", // онлайн CORE Association
+ "xn--80aswg", // сайт CORE Association
+ "xn--8y0a063a", // 联通 China United Network Communications Corporation Limited
+ "xn--90ae", // бг Imena.BG Plc (NAMES.BG Plc)
+ "xn--9dbq2a", // קום VeriSign Sarl
+ "xn--9et52u", // 时尚 RISE VICTORY LIMITED
+ "xn--9krt00a", // 微博 Sina Corporation
+ "xn--b4w605ferd", // 淡马锡 Temasek Holdings (Private) Limited
+ "xn--bck1b9a5dre4c", // ファッション Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
+ "xn--c1avg", // орг Public Interest Registry
+ "xn--c2br7g", // नेट VeriSign Sarl
+ "xn--cck2b3b", // ストア Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
+ "xn--cg4bki", // 삼성 SAMSUNG SDS CO., LTD
+ "xn--czr694b", // 商标 HU YI GLOBAL INFORMATION RESOURCES(HOLDING) COMPANY.HONGKONG LIMITED
+ "xn--czrs0t", // 商店 Wild Island, LLC
+ "xn--czru2d", // 商城 Zodiac Aquarius Limited
+ "xn--d1acj3b", // дети The Foundation for Network Initiatives “The Smart Internet”
+ "xn--eckvdtc9d", // ポイント Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
+ "xn--efvy88h", // 新闻 Xinhua News Agency Guangdong Branch 新华通讯社广东分社
+ "xn--estv75g", // 工行 Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Limited
+ "xn--fct429k", // 家電 Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
+ "xn--fhbei", // كوم VeriSign Sarl
+ "xn--fiq228c5hs", // 中文网 TLD REGISTRY LIMITED
+ "xn--fiq64b", // 中信 CITIC Group Corporation
+ "xn--fjq720a", // 娱乐 Will Bloom, LLC
+ "xn--flw351e", // 谷歌 Charleston Road Registry Inc.
+ "xn--fzys8d69uvgm", // 電訊盈科 PCCW Enterprises Limited
+ "xn--g2xx48c", // 购物 Minds + Machines Group Limited
+ "xn--gckr3f0f", // クラウド Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
+ "xn--gk3at1e", // 通販 Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
+ "xn--hxt814e", // 网店 Zodiac Libra Limited
+ "xn--i1b6b1a6a2e", // संगठन Public Interest Registry
+ "xn--imr513n", // 餐厅 HU YI GLOBAL INFORMATION RESOURCES (HOLDING) COMPANY. HONGKONG LIMITED
+ "xn--io0a7i", // 网络 Computer Network Information Center of Chinese Academy of Sciences (China Internet Network Information Center)
+ "xn--j1aef", // ком VeriSign Sarl
+ "xn--jlq61u9w7b", // 诺基亚 Nokia Corporation
+ "xn--jvr189m", // 食品 Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
+ "xn--kcrx77d1x4a", // 飞利浦 Koninklijke Philips N.V.
+ "xn--kpu716f", // 手表 Richemont DNS Inc.
+ "xn--kput3i", // 手机 Beijing RITT-Net Technology Development Co., Ltd
+ "xn--mgba3a3ejt", // ارامكو Aramco Services Company
+ "xn--mgba7c0bbn0a", // العليان Crescent Holding GmbH
+ "xn--mgbab2bd", // بازار CORE Association
+ "xn--mgbb9fbpob", // موبايلي GreenTech Consultancy Company W.L.L.
+ "xn--mgbca7dzdo", // ابوظبي Abu Dhabi Systems and Information Centre
+ "xn--mgbi4ecexp", // كاثوليك Pontificium Consilium de Comunicationibus Socialibus (PCCS) (Pontifical Council for Social Communication)
+ "xn--mgbt3dhd", // همراه Asia Green IT System Bilgisayar San. ve Tic. Ltd. Sti.
+ "xn--mk1bu44c", // 닷컴 VeriSign Sarl
+ "xn--mxtq1m", // 政府 Net-Chinese Co., Ltd.
+ "xn--ngbc5azd", // شبكة International Domain Registry Pty. Ltd.
+ "xn--ngbe9e0a", // بيتك Kuwait Finance House
+ "xn--nqv7f", // 机构 Public Interest Registry
+ "xn--nqv7fs00ema", // 组织机构 Public Interest Registry
+ "xn--nyqy26a", // 健康 Stable Tone Limited
+ "xn--p1acf", // рус Rusnames Limited
+ "xn--pbt977c", // 珠宝 Richemont DNS Inc.
+ "xn--pssy2u", // 大拿 VeriSign Sarl
+ "xn--q9jyb4c", // みんな Charleston Road Registry Inc.
+ "xn--qcka1pmc", // グーグル Charleston Road Registry Inc.
+ "xn--rhqv96g", // 世界 Stable Tone Limited
+ "xn--rovu88b", // 書籍 Amazon EU S.à r.l.
+ "xn--ses554g", // 网址 KNET Co., Ltd
+ "xn--t60b56a", // 닷넷 VeriSign Sarl
+ "xn--tckwe", // コム VeriSign Sarl
+ "xn--tiq49xqyj", // 天主教 Pontificium Consilium de Comunicationibus Socialibus (PCCS) (Pontifical Council for Social Communication)
+ "xn--unup4y", // 游戏 Spring Fields, LLC
+ "xn--vermgensberater-ctb", // VERMöGENSBERATER Deutsche Vermögensberatung Aktiengesellschaft DVAG
+ "xn--vermgensberatung-pwb", // VERMöGENSBERATUNG Deutsche Vermögensberatung Aktiengesellschaft DVAG
+ "xn--vhquv", // 企业 Dash McCook, LLC
+ "xn--vuq861b", // 信息 Beijing Tele-info Network Technology Co., Ltd.
+ "xn--w4r85el8fhu5dnra", // 嘉里大酒店 Kerry Trading Co. Limited
+ "xn--w4rs40l", // 嘉里 Kerry Trading Co. Limited
+ "xn--xhq521b", // 广东 Guangzhou YU Wei Information Technology Co., Ltd.
+ "xn--zfr164b", // 政务 China Organizational Name Administration Center
+ "xperia", // xperia Sony Mobile Communications AB
+ "xxx", // xxx ICM Registry LLC
+ "xyz", // xyz XYZ.COM LLC
+ "yachts", // yachts DERYachts, LLC
+ "yahoo", // yahoo Yahoo! Domain Services Inc.
+ "yamaxun", // yamaxun Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
+ "yandex", // yandex YANDEX, LLC
+ "yodobashi", // yodobashi YODOBASHI CAMERA CO.,LTD.
+ "yoga", // yoga Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
+ "yokohama", // yokohama GMO Registry, Inc.
+ "you", // you Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
+ "youtube", // youtube Charleston Road Registry Inc.
+ "yun", // yun QIHOO 360 TECHNOLOGY CO. LTD.
+ "zappos", // zappos Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
+ "zara", // zara Industria de Diseño Textil, S.A. (INDITEX, S.A.)
+ "zero", // zero Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
+ "zip", // zip Charleston Road Registry Inc.
+ "zippo", // zippo Zadco Company
+ "zone", // zone Outer Falls, LLC
+ "zuerich", // zuerich Kanton Zürich (Canton of Zurich)
+};
+
+ // WARNING: this array MUST be sorted, otherwise it cannot be searched reliably using binary search
+ private static final String[] COUNTRY_CODE_TLDS = new String[] {
+ "ac", // Ascension Island
+ "ad", // Andorra
+ "ae", // United Arab Emirates
+ "af", // Afghanistan
+ "ag", // Antigua and Barbuda
+ "ai", // Anguilla
+ "al", // Albania
+ "am", // Armenia
+// "an", // Netherlands Antilles (retired)
+ "ao", // Angola
+ "aq", // Antarctica
+ "ar", // Argentina
+ "as", // American Samoa
+ "at", // Austria
+ "au", // Australia (includes Ashmore and Cartier Islands and Coral Sea Islands)
+ "aw", // Aruba
+ "ax", // Åland
+ "az", // Azerbaijan
+ "ba", // Bosnia and Herzegovina
+ "bb", // Barbados
+ "bd", // Bangladesh
+ "be", // Belgium
+ "bf", // Burkina Faso
+ "bg", // Bulgaria
+ "bh", // Bahrain
+ "bi", // Burundi
+ "bj", // Benin
+ "bm", // Bermuda
+ "bn", // Brunei Darussalam
+ "bo", // Bolivia
+ "br", // Brazil
+ "bs", // Bahamas
+ "bt", // Bhutan
+ "bv", // Bouvet Island
+ "bw", // Botswana
+ "by", // Belarus
+ "bz", // Belize
+ "ca", // Canada
+ "cc", // Cocos (Keeling) Islands
+ "cd", // Democratic Republic of the Congo (formerly Zaire)
+ "cf", // Central African Republic
+ "cg", // Republic of the Congo
+ "ch", // Switzerland
+ "ci", // Côte d'Ivoire
+ "ck", // Cook Islands
+ "cl", // Chile
+ "cm", // Cameroon
+ "cn", // China, mainland
+ "co", // Colombia
+ "cr", // Costa Rica
+ "cu", // Cuba
+ "cv", // Cape Verde
+ "cw", // Curaçao
+ "cx", // Christmas Island
+ "cy", // Cyprus
+ "cz", // Czech Republic
+ "de", // Germany
+ "dj", // Djibouti
+ "dk", // Denmark
+ "dm", // Dominica
+ "do", // Dominican Republic
+ "dz", // Algeria
+ "ec", // Ecuador
+ "ee", // Estonia
+ "eg", // Egypt
+ "er", // Eritrea
+ "es", // Spain
+ "et", // Ethiopia
+ "eu", // European Union
+ "fi", // Finland
+ "fj", // Fiji
+ "fk", // Falkland Islands
+ "fm", // Federated States of Micronesia
+ "fo", // Faroe Islands
+ "fr", // France
+ "ga", // Gabon
+ "gb", // Great Britain (United Kingdom)
+ "gd", // Grenada
+ "ge", // Georgia
+ "gf", // French Guiana
+ "gg", // Guernsey
+ "gh", // Ghana
+ "gi", // Gibraltar
+ "gl", // Greenland
+ "gm", // The Gambia
+ "gn", // Guinea
+ "gp", // Guadeloupe
+ "gq", // Equatorial Guinea
+ "gr", // Greece
+ "gs", // South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
+ "gt", // Guatemala
+ "gu", // Guam
+ "gw", // Guinea-Bissau
+ "gy", // Guyana
+ "hk", // Hong Kong
+ "hm", // Heard Island and McDonald Islands
+ "hn", // Honduras
+ "hr", // Croatia (Hrvatska)
+ "ht", // Haiti
+ "hu", // Hungary
+ "id", // Indonesia
+ "ie", // Ireland (Éire)
+ "il", // Israel
+ "im", // Isle of Man
+ "in", // India
+ "io", // British Indian Ocean Territory
+ "iq", // Iraq
+ "ir", // Iran
+ "is", // Iceland
+ "it", // Italy
+ "je", // Jersey
+ "jm", // Jamaica
+ "jo", // Jordan
+ "jp", // Japan
+ "ke", // Kenya
+ "kg", // Kyrgyzstan
+ "kh", // Cambodia (Khmer)
+ "ki", // Kiribati
+ "km", // Comoros
+ "kn", // Saint Kitts and Nevis
+ "kp", // North Korea
+ "kr", // South Korea
+ "kw", // Kuwait
+ "ky", // Cayman Islands
+ "kz", // Kazakhstan
+ "la", // Laos (currently being marketed as the official domain for Los Angeles)
+ "lb", // Lebanon
+ "lc", // Saint Lucia
+ "li", // Liechtenstein
+ "lk", // Sri Lanka
+ "lr", // Liberia
+ "ls", // Lesotho
+ "lt", // Lithuania
+ "lu", // Luxembourg
+ "lv", // Latvia
+ "ly", // Libya
+ "ma", // Morocco
+ "mc", // Monaco
+ "md", // Moldova
+ "me", // Montenegro
+ "mg", // Madagascar
+ "mh", // Marshall Islands
+ "mk", // Republic of Macedonia
+ "ml", // Mali
+ "mm", // Myanmar
+ "mn", // Mongolia
+ "mo", // Macau
+ "mp", // Northern Mariana Islands
+ "mq", // Martinique
+ "mr", // Mauritania
+ "ms", // Montserrat
+ "mt", // Malta
+ "mu", // Mauritius
+ "mv", // Maldives
+ "mw", // Malawi
+ "mx", // Mexico
+ "my", // Malaysia
+ "mz", // Mozambique
+ "na", // Namibia
+ "nc", // New Caledonia
+ "ne", // Niger
+ "nf", // Norfolk Island
+ "ng", // Nigeria
+ "ni", // Nicaragua
+ "nl", // Netherlands
+ "no", // Norway
+ "np", // Nepal
+ "nr", // Nauru
+ "nu", // Niue
+ "nz", // New Zealand
+ "om", // Oman
+ "pa", // Panama
+ "pe", // Peru
+ "pf", // French Polynesia With Clipperton Island
+ "pg", // Papua New Guinea
+ "ph", // Philippines
+ "pk", // Pakistan
+ "pl", // Poland
+ "pm", // Saint-Pierre and Miquelon
+ "pn", // Pitcairn Islands
+ "pr", // Puerto Rico
+ "ps", // Palestinian territories (PA-controlled West Bank and Gaza Strip)
+ "pt", // Portugal
+ "pw", // Palau
+ "py", // Paraguay
+ "qa", // Qatar
+ "re", // Réunion
+ "ro", // Romania
+ "rs", // Serbia
+ "ru", // Russia
+ "rw", // Rwanda
+ "sa", // Saudi Arabia
+ "sb", // Solomon Islands
+ "sc", // Seychelles
+ "sd", // Sudan
+ "se", // Sweden
+ "sg", // Singapore
+ "sh", // Saint Helena
+ "si", // Slovenia
+ "sj", // Svalbard and Jan Mayen Islands Not in use (Norwegian dependencies; see .no)
+ "sk", // Slovakia
+ "sl", // Sierra Leone
+ "sm", // San Marino
+ "sn", // Senegal
+ "so", // Somalia
+ "sr", // Suriname
+ "st", // São Tomé and Príncipe
+ "su", // Soviet Union (deprecated)
+ "sv", // El Salvador
+ "sx", // Sint Maarten
+ "sy", // Syria
+ "sz", // Swaziland
+ "tc", // Turks and Caicos Islands
+ "td", // Chad
+ "tf", // French Southern and Antarctic Lands
+ "tg", // Togo
+ "th", // Thailand
+ "tj", // Tajikistan
+ "tk", // Tokelau
+ "tl", // East Timor (deprecated old code)
+ "tm", // Turkmenistan
+ "tn", // Tunisia
+ "to", // Tonga
+// "tp", // East Timor (Retired)
+ "tr", // Turkey
+ "tt", // Trinidad and Tobago
+ "tv", // Tuvalu
+ "tw", // Taiwan, Republic of China
+ "tz", // Tanzania
+ "ua", // Ukraine
+ "ug", // Uganda
+ "uk", // United Kingdom
+ "us", // United States of America
+ "uy", // Uruguay
+ "uz", // Uzbekistan
+ "va", // Vatican City State
+ "vc", // Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
+ "ve", // Venezuela
+ "vg", // British Virgin Islands
+ "vi", // U.S. Virgin Islands
+ "vn", // Vietnam
+ "vu", // Vanuatu
+ "wf", // Wallis and Futuna
+ "ws", // Samoa (formerly Western Samoa)
+ "xn--3e0b707e", // 한국 KISA (Korea Internet &amp; Security Agency)
+ "xn--45brj9c", // ভারত National Internet Exchange of India
+ "xn--54b7fta0cc", // বাংলা Posts and Telecommunications Division
+ "xn--80ao21a", // қаз Association of IT Companies of Kazakhstan
+ "xn--90a3ac", // срб Serbian National Internet Domain Registry (RNIDS)
+ "xn--90ais", // ??? Reliable Software Inc.
+ "xn--clchc0ea0b2g2a9gcd", // சிங்கப்பூர் Singapore Network Information Centre (SGNIC) Pte Ltd
+ "xn--d1alf", // мкд Macedonian Academic Research Network Skopje
+ "xn--e1a4c", // ею EURid vzw/asbl
+ "xn--fiqs8s", // 中国 China Internet Network Information Center
+ "xn--fiqz9s", // 中國 China Internet Network Information Center
+ "xn--fpcrj9c3d", // భారత్ National Internet Exchange of India
+ "xn--fzc2c9e2c", // ලංකා LK Domain Registry
+ "xn--gecrj9c", // ભારત National Internet Exchange of India
+ "xn--h2brj9c", // भारत National Internet Exchange of India
+ "xn--j1amh", // укр Ukrainian Network Information Centre (UANIC), Inc.
+ "xn--j6w193g", // 香港 Hong Kong Internet Registration Corporation Ltd.
+ "xn--kprw13d", // 台湾 Taiwan Network Information Center (TWNIC)
+ "xn--kpry57d", // 台灣 Taiwan Network Information Center (TWNIC)
+ "xn--l1acc", // мон Datacom Co.,Ltd
+ "xn--lgbbat1ad8j", // الجزائر CERIST
+ "xn--mgb9awbf", // عمان Telecommunications Regulatory Authority (TRA)
+ "xn--mgba3a4f16a", // ایران Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM)
+ "xn--mgbaam7a8h", // امارات Telecommunications Regulatory Authority (TRA)
+ "xn--mgbayh7gpa", // الاردن National Information Technology Center (NITC)
+ "xn--mgbbh1a71e", // بھارت National Internet Exchange of India
+ "xn--mgbc0a9azcg", // المغرب Agence Nationale de Réglementation des Télécommunications (ANRT)
+ "xn--mgberp4a5d4ar", // السعودية Communications and Information Technology Commission
+ "xn--mgbpl2fh", // ????? Sudan Internet Society
+ "xn--mgbtx2b", // عراق Communications and Media Commission (CMC)
+ "xn--mgbx4cd0ab", // مليسيا MYNIC Berhad
+ "xn--mix891f", // 澳門 Bureau of Telecommunications Regulation (DSRT)
+ "xn--node", // გე Information Technologies Development Center (ITDC)
+ "xn--o3cw4h", // ไทย Thai Network Information Center Foundation
+ "xn--ogbpf8fl", // سورية National Agency for Network Services (NANS)
+ "xn--p1ai", // рф Coordination Center for TLD RU
+ "xn--pgbs0dh", // تونس Agence Tunisienne d&#39;Internet
+ "xn--qxam", // ελ ICS-FORTH GR
+ "xn--s9brj9c", // ਭਾਰਤ National Internet Exchange of India
+ "xn--wgbh1c", // مصر National Telecommunication Regulatory Authority - NTRA
+ "xn--wgbl6a", // قطر Communications Regulatory Authority
+ "xn--xkc2al3hye2a", // இலங்கை LK Domain Registry
+ "xn--xkc2dl3a5ee0h", // இந்தியா National Internet Exchange of India
+ "xn--y9a3aq", // ??? Internet Society
+ "xn--yfro4i67o", // 新加坡 Singapore Network Information Centre (SGNIC) Pte Ltd
+ "xn--ygbi2ammx", // فلسطين Ministry of Telecom &amp; Information Technology (MTIT)
+ "ye", // Yemen
+ "yt", // Mayotte
+ "za", // South Africa
+ "zm", // Zambia
+ "zw", // Zimbabwe
+ };
+
+ // WARNING: this array MUST be sorted, otherwise it cannot be searched reliably using binary search
+ private static final String[] LOCAL_TLDS = new String[] {
+ "localdomain", // Also widely used as localhost.localdomain
+ "localhost", // RFC2606 defined
+ };
+
+ // Additional arrays to supplement or override the built in ones.
+ // The PLUS arrays are valid keys, the MINUS arrays are invalid keys
+
+ /*
+ * This field is used to detect whether the getInstance has been called.
+ * After this, the method updateTLDOverride is not allowed to be called.
+ * This field does not need to be volatile since it is only accessed from
+ * synchronized methods.
+ */
+ private static boolean inUse = false;
+
+ /*
+ * These arrays are mutable, but they don't need to be volatile.
+ * They can only be updated by the updateTLDOverride method, and any readers must get an instance
+ * using the getInstance methods which are all (now) synchronised.
+ */
+ // WARNING: this array MUST be sorted, otherwise it cannot be searched reliably using binary search
+ private static volatile String[] countryCodeTLDsPlus = EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY;
+
+ // WARNING: this array MUST be sorted, otherwise it cannot be searched reliably using binary search
+ private static volatile String[] genericTLDsPlus = EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY;
+
+ // WARNING: this array MUST be sorted, otherwise it cannot be searched reliably using binary search
+ private static volatile String[] countryCodeTLDsMinus = EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY;
+
+ // WARNING: this array MUST be sorted, otherwise it cannot be searched reliably using binary search
+ private static volatile String[] genericTLDsMinus = EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY;
+
+ /**
+ * enum used by {@link DomainValidator#updateTLDOverride(ArrayType, String[])}
+ * to determine which override array to update / fetch
+ * @since 1.5.0
+ * @since 1.5.1 made public and added read-only array references
+ */
+ public enum ArrayType {
+ /** Update (or get a copy of) the GENERIC_TLDS_PLUS table containing additonal generic TLDs */
+ GENERIC_PLUS,
+ /** Update (or get a copy of) the GENERIC_TLDS_MINUS table containing deleted generic TLDs */
+ GENERIC_MINUS,
+ /** Update (or get a copy of) the COUNTRY_CODE_TLDS_PLUS table containing additonal country code TLDs */
+ COUNTRY_CODE_PLUS,
+ /** Update (or get a copy of) the COUNTRY_CODE_TLDS_MINUS table containing deleted country code TLDs */
+ COUNTRY_CODE_MINUS,
+ /** Get a copy of the generic TLDS table */
+ GENERIC_RO,
+ /** Get a copy of the country code table */
+ COUNTRY_CODE_RO,
+ /** Get a copy of the infrastructure table */
+ INFRASTRUCTURE_RO,
+ /** Get a copy of the local table */
+ LOCAL_RO
+ ;
+ };
+
+ // For use by unit test code only
+ static synchronized void clearTLDOverrides() {
+ inUse = false;
+ countryCodeTLDsPlus = EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY;
+ countryCodeTLDsMinus = EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY;
+ genericTLDsPlus = EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY;
+ genericTLDsMinus = EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY;
+ }
+ /**
+ * Update one of the TLD override arrays.
+ * This must only be done at program startup, before any instances are accessed using getInstance.
+ * <p>
+ * For example:
+ * <p>
+ * {@code DomainValidator.updateTLDOverride(ArrayType.GENERIC_PLUS, new String[]{"apache"})}
+ * <p>
+ * To clear an override array, provide an empty array.
+ *
+ * @param table the table to update, see {@link DomainValidator.ArrayType}
+ * Must be one of the following
+ * <ul>
+ * <li>COUNTRY_CODE_MINUS</li>
+ * <li>COUNTRY_CODE_PLUS</li>
+ * <li>GENERIC_MINUS</li>
+ * <li>GENERIC_PLUS</li>
+ * </ul>
+ * @param tlds the array of TLDs, must not be null
+ * @throws IllegalStateException if the method is called after getInstance
+ * @throws IllegalArgumentException if one of the read-only tables is requested
+ * @since 1.5.0
+ */
+ public static synchronized void updateTLDOverride(ArrayType table, String [] tlds) {
+ if (inUse) {
+ throw new IllegalStateException("Can only invoke this method before calling getInstance");
+ }
+ String [] copy = new String[tlds.length];
+ // Comparisons are always done with lower-case entries
+ for (int i = 0; i < tlds.length; i++) {
+ copy[i] = tlds[i].toLowerCase(Locale.ENGLISH);
+ }
+ Arrays.sort(copy);
+ switch(table) {
+ case COUNTRY_CODE_MINUS:
+ countryCodeTLDsMinus = copy;
+ break;
+ case COUNTRY_CODE_PLUS:
+ countryCodeTLDsPlus = copy;
+ break;
+ case GENERIC_MINUS:
+ genericTLDsMinus = copy;
+ break;
+ case GENERIC_PLUS:
+ genericTLDsPlus = copy;
+ break;
+ case COUNTRY_CODE_RO:
+ case GENERIC_RO:
+ case INFRASTRUCTURE_RO:
+ case LOCAL_RO:
+ throw new IllegalArgumentException("Cannot update the table: " + table);
+ default:
+ throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unexpected enum value: " + table);
+ }
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Get a copy of the internal array.
+ * @param table the array type (any of the enum values)
+ * @return a copy of the array
+ * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the table type is unexpected (should not happen)
+ * @since 1.5.1
+ */
+ public static String [] getTLDEntries(ArrayType table) {
+ final String array[];
+ switch(table) {
+ case COUNTRY_CODE_MINUS:
+ array = countryCodeTLDsMinus;
+ break;
+ case COUNTRY_CODE_PLUS:
+ array = countryCodeTLDsPlus;
+ break;
+ case GENERIC_MINUS:
+ array = genericTLDsMinus;
+ break;
+ case GENERIC_PLUS:
+ array = genericTLDsPlus;
+ break;
+ case GENERIC_RO:
+ array = GENERIC_TLDS;
+ break;
+ case COUNTRY_CODE_RO:
+ array = COUNTRY_CODE_TLDS;
+ break;
+ case INFRASTRUCTURE_RO:
+ array = INFRASTRUCTURE_TLDS;
+ break;
+ case LOCAL_RO:
+ array = LOCAL_TLDS;
+ break;
+ default:
+ throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unexpected enum value: " + table);
+ }
+ return Arrays.copyOf(array, array.length); // clone the array
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Converts potentially Unicode input to punycode.
+ * If conversion fails, returns the original input.
+ *
+ * @param input the string to convert, not null
+ * @return converted input, or original input if conversion fails
+ */
+ // Needed by UrlValidator
+ static String unicodeToASCII(String input) {
+ if (isOnlyASCII(input)) { // skip possibly expensive processing
+ return input;
+ }
+ try {
+ final String ascii = IDN.toASCII(input);
+ if (IDNBUGHOLDER.IDN_TOASCII_PRESERVES_TRAILING_DOTS) {
+ return ascii;
+ }
+ final int length = input.length();
+ if (length == 0) {// check there is a last character
+ return input;
+ }
+ // RFC3490 3.1. 1)
+ // Whenever dots are used as label separators, the following
+ // characters MUST be recognized as dots: U+002E (full stop), U+3002
+ // (ideographic full stop), U+FF0E (fullwidth full stop), U+FF61
+ // (halfwidth ideographic full stop).
+ char lastChar = input.charAt(length-1);// fetch original last char
+ switch(lastChar) {
+ case '\u002E': // "." full stop
+ case '\u3002': // ideographic full stop
+ case '\uFF0E': // fullwidth full stop
+ case '\uFF61': // halfwidth ideographic full stop
+ return ascii + "."; // restore the missing stop
+ default:
+ return ascii;
+ }
+ } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) { // input is not valid
+ return input;
+ }
+ }
+
+ private static class IDNBUGHOLDER {
+ private static boolean keepsTrailingDot() {
+ final String input = "a."; // must be a valid name
+ return input.equals(IDN.toASCII(input));
+ }
+ private static final boolean IDN_TOASCII_PRESERVES_TRAILING_DOTS = keepsTrailingDot();
+ }
+
+ /*
+ * Check if input contains only ASCII
+ * Treats null as all ASCII
+ */
+ private static boolean isOnlyASCII(String input) {
+ if (input == null) {
+ return true;
+ }
+ for(int i=0; i < input.length(); i++) {
+ if (input.charAt(i) > 0x7F) { // CHECKSTYLE IGNORE MagicNumber
+ return false;
+ }
+ }
+ return true;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Check if a sorted array contains the specified key
+ *
+ * @param sortedArray the array to search
+ * @param key the key to find
+ * @return {@code true} if the array contains the key
+ */
+ private static boolean arrayContains(String[] sortedArray, String key) {
+ return Arrays.binarySearch(sortedArray, key) >= 0;
+ }
+}

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